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We provide an explicit construction of a universal gate set for continuous-variable quantum computation with microwave circuits. Such a universal set has been first proposed in quantum-optical setups, but its experimental implementation has…

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a normal form of one qubit quantum circuits over the basis $\{H, P, T\}$, where $H$, $P$ and $T$ denote the Hadamard, Phase and $\pi/8$ gates, respectively. This basis is known as the {\it standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-25 Ken Matsumoto , Kazuyuki Amano

We introduce a complete equational theory for the fragment of quantum circuits generated by the real Clifford gates plus the two-qubit controlled-Hadamard gate. That is, we give a simple set of equalities between circuits of this fragment,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Alexandre Clément

A problem of universality in simulation of evolution of quantum system and in theory of quantum computations is related with the possibility of expression or approximation of arbitrary unitary transformation by composition of specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

We show that in quantum computation almost every gate that operates on two or more bits is a universal gate. We discuss various physical considerations bearing on the proper definition of universality for computational components such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. Deutsch , A. Barenco , A. Ekert

Let $U_d$ be a unitary operator representing an arbitrary $d$-dimensional unitary quantum operation. This work presents optimal quantum circuits for transforming a number $k$ of calls of $U_d$ into its complex conjugate $\bar{U_d}$. Our…

We derive an encoded universality representation for a generalized anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian that contains cross-product terms in addition to the usual two-particle exchange terms. The recently developed algebraic approach is used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jiri Vala , K. Birgitta Whaley

We propose a universal gate set for quantum computing with all-to-all connectivity and intrinsic robustness to bit-flip errors based on parity encoding. We show that logical controlled phase gate and $R_z$ rotations can be implemented in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 Michael Fellner , Anette Messinger , Kilian Ender , Wolfgang Lechner

We demonstrate that in a coupled two-qubit system any single-qubit gate can be decomposed into two conditional two-qubit gates and that any conditional two-qubit gate can be implemented by a manipulation analogous to that used for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zhongyuan Zhou , Shih-I Chu , Siyuan Han

We consider a model of quantum computation we call "Varying-$Z$" (V$Z$), defined by applying controllable $Z$-diagonal Hamiltonians in the presence of a uniform and constant external $X$-field, and prove that it is universal, even in 1D.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Brian Barch , Razieh Mohseninia , Daniel Lidar

We construct optimized implementations of the CNOT and other universal two-qubit gates that, unlike many of the previously proposed protocols, are carried out in a single step. The new protocols require tunable inter-qubit couplings but, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 I. A. Grigorenko , D. V. Khveshchenko

Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. The necessary condition for optimal construction of a two-qubit unitary operation is obtained. It can be proved that the B gate is the unique gate that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yong-Sheng Zhang , Ming-Yong Ye , Guang-Can Guo

We show that it is possible to reduce the number of two-qubit gates needed for the construction of an arbitrary controlled-unitary transformation by up to two times using a tunable controlled-phase gate. On the platform of linear optics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-22 Karel Lemr , Karol Bartkiewicz , Antonín Černoch , Miloslav Dušek , Jan Soubusta

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

A novel universal and fault-tolerant basis (set of gates) for quantum computation is described. Such a set is necessary to perform quantum computation in a realistic noisy environment. The new basis consists of two single-qubit gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Oscar Boykin , Tal Mor , Matthew Pulver , Vwani Roychowdhury , Farrokh Vatan

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

For years, the quantum/reversible circuit community has been convinced that: a) the addition of auxiliary qubits is instrumental in constructing a smaller quantum circuit; and, b) the introduction of quantum gates inside reversible circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-01 Dmitri Maslov , Mehdi Saeedi

Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps - quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, seeking for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michal Sedlak , Martin Plesch

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

A quantum gate is realized by specific unitary transformations operating on states representing qubits. Considering a quantum system employed as an element in a quantum computing scheme, the task is therefore to enforce the pre-specified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose P. Palao , Ronnie Kosloff