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Accurately and efficiently solving nonlinear differential equations is crucial for modeling dynamic behavior across science and engineering. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful solution that embeds physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Duarte Alexandrino , Ben Moseley , Pavlos Protopapas

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are a model candidate for soft sensors in industrial processes with spatiotemporal dependence. Although physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a promising machine learning method for solving PDEs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Aina Wang , Pan Qin , Xi-Ming Sun

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

I will demonstrate the effectiveness of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) when training data are scarce or noisy. The training data can be located either at the boundaries or within…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-28 Hubert Baty

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent a groundbreaking paradigm in scientific computing, seamlessly integrating the robust framework of deep learning with fundamental physical laws. This paper meticulously applies the standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Ahmed Aberqi , Ahmed Miloudi

Partial differential equations (PDEs) serve as the cornerstone of mathematical physics. In recent years, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have significantly reduced the dependence on large datasets by embedding physical laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Wenxuan Huo , Qiang He , Gang Zhu , Weifeng Huang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut

We introduce NewPINNs, a physics-informing learning framework that couples neural networks with conventional numerical solvers for solving differential equations. Rather than enforcing governing equations and boundary conditions through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Maedeh Makki , Satish Chandran , Maziar Raissi , Adrien Grenier , Behzad Mohebbi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) recast PDE solving as an optimisation problem in function space by minimising a residual-based objective, yet many applications require additional derivative-based relations that are just as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kentaro Hoshisashi , Carolyn E Phelan , Paolo Barucca

Neural Networks (NNs) can be used to solve Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations (ODEs and PDEs) by redefining the question as an optimization problem. The objective function to be optimized is the sum of the squares of the PDE to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Veronica Guidetti , Francesco Muia , Yvette Welling , Alexander Westphal

Neural networks are universal approximators and are studied for their use in solving differential equations. However, a major criticism is the lack of error bounds for obtained solutions. This paper proposes a technique to rigorously…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shuheng Liu , Xiyue Huang , Pavlos Protopapas

We propose a two-scale neural network method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with small parameters using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). We directly incorporate the small parameters into the architecture of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Qiao Zhuang , Chris Ziyi Yao , Zhongqiang Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Evolution equations, including both ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs), play a pivotal role in modeling dynamic systems. However, achieving accurate long-time integration for these equations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Xiaodong Feng , Haojiong Shangguan , Tao Tang , Xiaoliang Wan

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) require regularity of solutions of the underlying PDE to guarantee accurate approximation. Consequently, they may fail at approximating discontinuous solutions of PDEs such as nonlinear hyperbolic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving physical systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs). However, their accuracy in dynamical systems, particularly those involving sharp…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Wei Wang , Tang Paai Wong , Haihui Ruan , Somdatta Goswami

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is one of the most critical problems in computational science. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising framework for approximating PDE solutions, their…