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Serving long-context LLMs is challenging because request lengths and batch composition vary during token generation, causing the memory footprint to fluctuate significantly at runtime. Offloading KV caches to host memory limits effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyue Ma , Heelim Hong , Taegeon Um , Jongseop Lee , Seoyeong Choy , Woo-Yeon Lee , Myeongjae Jeon

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Applications in emerging domains such as XR are being built as compound inference systems, where multiple ML models are composed in the form of a task graph to service each request. Serving these compound systems efficiently raises two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sriram Devata , Rahul Singh , Sarita Adve

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

Serving large language models (LLMs) efficiently remains challenging due to the high memory and latency overhead of key-value (KV) cache access during autoregressive decoding. We present \textbf{TinyServe}, a lightweight and extensible…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into applications ranging from interactive chatbots to multi-agent systems has introduced a wide spectrum of service-level objectives (SLOs) for responsiveness. These include latency-sensitive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Wei Zhang , Zhiyu Wu , Yi Mu , Rui Ning , Banruo Liu , Nikhil Sarda , Myungjin Lee , Fan Lai

Large language models (LLMs) deployed on edge servers are increasingly used in latency-sensitive applications such as personalized assistants, recommendation, and content moderation. However, the non-stationary nature of user data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yufei Li , Yu Fu , Yue Dong , Cong Liu

This paper introduces SLOs-Serve, a system designed for serving multi-stage large language model (LLM) requests with application- and stage-specific service level objectives (SLOs). The key idea behind SLOs-Serve is to customize the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Siyuan Chen , Zhipeng Jia , Samira Khan , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Phillip B. Gibbons

In this paper, we consider a mixed-prompt scenario for a large language model (LLM) inference serving system that supports diverse applications with both short prompts and long prompts and heterogeneous SLOs for iteration time. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Haiying Shen , Tanmoy Sen

The attention layer, a core component of Transformer-based LLMs, brings out inefficiencies in current GPU systems due to its low operational intensity and the substantial memory requirements of KV caches. We propose a High-bandwidth…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Myunghyun Rhee , Joonseop Sim , Taeyoung Ahn , Seungyong Lee , Daegun Yoon , Euiseok Kim , Kyoung Park , Youngpyo Joo , Hoshik Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated a wide range of applications with distinct service-level objectives (SLOs), from latency-sensitive online tasks like interactive chatbots to throughput-oriented offline workloads like data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ting Sun , Penghan Wang , Fan Lai

Large language models (LLMs) with different architectures and sizes have been developed. Serving each LLM with dedicated GPUs leads to resource waste and service inefficiency due to the varying demand of LLM requests. A common practice is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yihao Zhao , Jiadun Chen , Peng Sun , Lei Li , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exponentially increased the demand for efficient serving systems. With growing requests and context lengths, key-value (KV)-related operations, including attention computation and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Yutian Zhou , Yintao He , Mengdi Wang , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Modern LLM serving systems must sustain high throughput while meeting strict latency SLOs across two distinct inference phases: compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases. Existing approaches either (1) aggregate both phases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Daniel Wong , Murali Annavaram

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular in various areas, traditional business gradually shifting from rule-based systems to LLM-based solutions. However, the inference of LLMs is resource-intensive or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wanyi Zheng , Minxian Xu , Shengye Song , Kejiang Ye

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is rapidly becoming a core datacenter service, yet current serving stacks keep the host CPU on the critical path for orchestration and token-level control. This makes LLM performance sensitive to CPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mohammad Siavashi , Mariano Scazzariello , Gerald Q. Maguire , Dejan Kostić , Marco Chiesa

This paper introduces LLMServingSim2.0, a system simulator designed for exploring heterogeneous hardware in large-scale LLM serving systems. LLMServingSim2.0 addresses two key limitations of its predecessor: (1) integrating hardware models…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Jongse Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) are wildly popular today and it is important to serve them efficiently. Existing LLM serving systems are stateless across requests. Consequently, when LLMs are used in the common setting of multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lingfan Yu , Jinkun Lin , Jinyang Li

Tensor parallelism (TP) enables large language models (LLMs) to scale inference efficiently across multiple GPUs, but its tight coupling makes systems fragile: a single GPU failure can halt execution, trigger costly KVCache recomputation,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ziyi Xu , Zhiqiang Xie , Swapnil Gandhi , Christos Kozyrakis