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Despite the widespread adoption of MLLMs in embodied agents, their capabilities remain largely confined to reactive planning from immediate observations, consistently failing in spatial reasoning across extensive spatiotemporal scales.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Qihui Zhu , Shouwei Ruan , Xiao Yang , Hao Jiang , Yao Huang , Shiji Zhao , Hanwei Fan , Hang Su , Xingxing Wei

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with embodied agents has improved high-level reasoning capabilities; however, a critical gap remains between semantic understanding and physical execution. While vision-language-action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongfeng Zhao , Xuanhao Zhang , Zhaochen Guo , Xiang Shao , Zhongpan Zhu , Bin He , Jie Chen

Embodied agents often struggle with efficient navigation because they rely primarily on partial egocentric observations, which restrict global foresight and lead to inefficient exploration. In contrast, humans plan using maps: we reason…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuzhuo Ao , Anbang Wang , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Embodied navigation requires robots to understand and interact with the environment based on given tasks. Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is an embodied navigation task, where a robot navigates within a previously seen and unseen…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Muraleekrishna Gopinathan , Jumana Abu-Khalaf , David Suter , Martin Masek

Zero-shot Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) agents leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in generalization but suffer from insufficient spatial perception. Focusing on complex continuous environments, we categorize key perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lu Yue , Yue Fan , Shiwei Lian , Yu Zhao , Jiaxin Yu , Liang Xie , Feitian Zhang

Bridging the gap between embodied intelligence and embedded deployment remains a key challenge in intelligent robotic systems, where perception, reasoning, and planning must operate under strict constraints on computation, memory, energy,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kuan Xu , Ruimeng Liu , Yizhuo Yang , Denan Liang , Tongxing Jin , Shenghai Yuan , Chen Wang , Lihua Xie

Deploying autonomous agents in real world environments is challenging, particularly for navigation, where systems must adapt to situations they have not encountered before. Traditional learning approaches require substantial amounts of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Quang-Anh N. D. , Duc Pham , Minh-Anh Nguyen , Tung Doan , Tuan Dang

Zero-shot vision-and-language navigation (VLN) has gained significant attention due to its minimal data collection costs and inherent generalization. This paradigm is typically driven by the integration of pre-trained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ziyi Xia , Chaoran Xiong , Litao Wei , Xinhao Hu , Ling Pei

Traditional robot navigation systems primarily utilize occupancy grid maps and laser-based sensing technologies, as demonstrated by the popular move_base package in ROS. Unlike robots, humans navigate not only through spatial awareness and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Fujing Xie , Jiajie Zhang , Sören Schwertfeger

Hand-drawn maps can be used to convey navigation instructions between humans and robots in a natural and efficient manner. However, these maps can often contain inaccuracies such as scale distortions and missing landmarks which present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Aaron Hao Tan , Angus Fung , Haitong Wang , Goldie Nejat

To fulfill user instructions, autonomous web agents must contend with the inherent complexity and volatile nature of real-world websites. Conventional paradigms predominantly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) or Offline Reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yuyu Guo , Wenjie Yang , Siyuan Yang , Ziyang Liu , Cheng Chen , Yuan Wei , Yun Hu , Yang Huang , Guoliang Hao , Dongsheng Yuan , Jianming Wang , Xin Chen , Hang Yu , Lei Lei , Peng Di

We present VLMnav, an embodied framework to transform a Vision-Language Model (VLM) into an end-to-end navigation policy. In contrast to prior work, we do not rely on a separation between perception, planning, and control; instead, we use a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Dylan Goetting , Himanshu Gaurav Singh , Antonio Loquercio

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a core task where embodied agents leverage their spatial mobility to navigate in 3D environments toward designated destinations based on natural language instructions. Recently, video-language large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zihan Wang , Seungjun Lee , Gim Hee Lee

Visual target navigation in unknown environments is a crucial problem in robotics. Despite extensive investigation of classical and learning-based approaches in the past, robots lack common-sense knowledge about household objects and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Bangguo Yu , Hamidreza Kasaei , Ming Cao

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is a task where agents learn to navigate following natural language instructions. The key to this task is to perceive both the visual scene and natural language sequentially. Conventional approaches exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Fengda Zhu , Yi Zhu , Xiaojun Chang , Xiaodan Liang

Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a novel task enabling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to navigate in outdoor environments through natural language instructions and visual cues. However, it remains challenging due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yunpeng Gao , Zhigang Wang , Pengfei Han , Linglin Jing , Dong Wang , Bin Zhao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is a multimodal task where an agent follows natural language instructions and navigates in visual environments. Multiple setups have been proposed, and researchers apply new model architectures or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Wanrong Zhu , Yuankai Qi , Pradyumna Narayana , Kazoo Sone , Sugato Basu , Xin Eric Wang , Qi Wu , Miguel Eckstein , William Yang Wang

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) enables the agent to navigate to a remote location following the natural language instruction in 3D environments. At each navigation step, the agent selects from possible candidate locations and then…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zihan Wang , Xiangyang Li , Jiahao Yang , Yeqi Liu , Junjie Hu , Ming Jiang , Shuqiang Jiang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a task that an agent is required to follow a language instruction to navigate to the goal position, which relies on the ongoing interactions with the environment during moving. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Chuang Lin , Yi Jiang , Jianfei Cai , Lizhen Qu , Gholamreza Haffari , Zehuan Yuan