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Related papers: Literary Narrative as Moral Probe : A Cross-System…

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Identifying logical errors in complex, incomplete or even contradictory and overall heterogeneous data like students' experimentation protocols is challenging. Recognizing the limitations of current evaluation methods, we investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Arne Bewersdorff , Kathrin Seßler , Armin Baur , Enkelejda Kasneci , Claudia Nerdel

The growing philosophical literature on algorithmic fairness has examined statistical criteria such as equalized odds and calibration, causal and counterfactual approaches, and the role of structural and compounding injustices. Yet an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Michele Loi , Marcello Di Bello , Nicolò Cangiotti

The currently dominating artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, neural networks, builds on inductive statistical learning. Neural networks of today are information processing systems void of understanding and reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Lars Holmberg

We propose an extension of the reinforcement learning architecture that enables moral decision-making of reinforcement learning agents based on normative reasons. Central to this approach is a reason-based shield generator yielding a moral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kevin Baum , Lisa Dargasz , Felix Jahn , Timo P. Gros , Verena Wolf

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has spurred extensive research into their encoded moral norms and decision-making processes. Much of this research relies on prompting LLMs with survey-style questions to assess how well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Pratik S. Sachdeva , Tom van Nuenen

While we have witnessed a rapid growth of ethics documents meant to guide AI development, the promotion of AI ethics has nonetheless proceeded with little input from AI practitioners themselves. Given the proliferation of AI for Social Good…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Mark Findlay , Josephine Seah

Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally focused on holistic scores, limiting their pedagogical usefulness, especially in the case of complex essay genres such as argumentative writing. In educational contexts, teachers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lucile Favero , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz , Tanja Käser , Nuria Oliver

Large language model (LLM)-based systems are increasingly deployed to conduct scientific research autonomously, yet whether their reasoning adheres to the epistemic norms that make scientific inquiry self-correcting is poorly understood.…

Pragmatic reasoning, inferring intended meaning beyond literal semantics, underpins everyday communication yet remains difficult for large language models. We present the Contextual Emotional Inference (CEI) Benchmark: 300 human-validated…

Artificial intelligence surrogates are systems designed to infer preferences when individuals lose decision-making capacity. Fairness in such systems is a domain that has been insufficiently explored. Traditional algorithmic fairness…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad

Many promising-looking ideas in AI research fail to deliver, but their validation takes substantial human labor and compute. Predicting an idea's chance of success is thus crucial for accelerating empirical AI research, a skill that even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaxin Wen , Chenglei Si , Yueh-han Chen , He He , Shi Feng

This paper elaborates on the concept of moral exercises as a means to help AI actors cultivate virtues that enable effective human oversight of AI systems. We explore the conceptual framework and significance of moral exercises, situating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Silvia Crafa , Teresa Scantamburlo

Recent work has demonstrated the plausibility of frontier AI models scheming -- knowingly and covertly pursuing an objective misaligned with its developer's intentions. Such behavior could be very hard to detect, and if present in future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Mary Phuong , Roland S. Zimmermann , Ziyue Wang , David Lindner , Victoria Krakovna , Sarah Cogan , Allan Dafoe , Lewis Ho , Rohin Shah

Translating literary works has perennially stood as an elusive dream in machine translation (MT), a journey steeped in intricate challenges. To foster progress in this domain, we hold a new shared task at WMT 2023, the first edition of the…

As frontier AI models are deployed in high-stakes decision pipelines, their ability to maintain metacognitive stability (knowing what they do not know, detecting errors, seeking clarification) under adversarial pressure is a critical safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Rahul Kumar

The Metacognitive Probe is an exploratory five-task, 15-slot diagnostic that decomposes an LLM's confidence behaviour into five behaviourally-distinct dimensions: confidence calibration (T1-CC), epistemic vigilance (T2-EV), knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rafael C. T. Oliveira

Future intelligent autonomous systems (IAS) are inevitably deciding on moral and legal questions, e.g. in self-driving cars, health care or human-machine collaboration. As decision processes in most modern sub-symbolic IAS are hidden, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Christoph Benzmüller , Bertram Lomfeld

The Multi-valued Action Reasoning System (MARS) is an automated value-based ethical decision-making model for artificial agents (AI). Given a set of available actions and an underlying moral paradigm, by employing MARS one can identify the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Cosmin Badea

Though generative dialogue modeling is widely seen as a language modeling task, the task demands an agent to have a complex natural language understanding of its input text to carry a meaningful interaction with an user. The automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Joelle Pineau , Sarath Chandar

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang