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Expressive generative models have advanced robotic manipulation by capturing complex, multi-modal action distributions over temporally extended trajectories. However, fine-tuning these policies via RL remains challenging due to instability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yuhui Chen , Haoran Li , Zhennan Jiang , Yuxing Qin , Yuxuan Wan , Weiheng Liu , Dongbin Zhao

Wasserstein Policy Optimization (WPO) is a recently proposed reinforcement learning algorithm that leverages Wasserstein gradient flows to optimize stochastic policies in continuous action spaces. Despite its empirical success, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 David Šiška , Yufei Zhang

Iterative Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a widely used paradigm for aligning Large Language Models on reasoning tasks. Existing approaches typically rely on Best-of-N sampling ($N\geq8$) to mine positive trajectories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jun Rao , Zixiong Yu , Xuebo Liu , Guhan Chen , Jing Li , Hejin Wang , Jiansheng Wei , Xiaojun Meng , Min Zhang

Vision-based robotic cloth unfolding has made great progress recently. However, prior works predominantly rely on value learning and have not fully explored policy-based techniques. Recently, the success of reinforcement learning on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Libing Yang , Yang Li , Long Chen

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) typically assigns a uniform, sequence-level advantage to all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Song Yu , Li Li , Wenwen Zhao , Zhisheng Yang

A fundamental challenge in model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) lies in the trade-off between generalization and robustness against exploitation errors in out-of-distribution (OOD) regions. While OOD samples may capture valid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hongqiang Lin , Dongxu Zhang , Yiding Sun , Mingzhe Li , Ning Yang , Haijun Zhang

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a popular on-policy deep reinforcement learning method, employs a stochastic policy for exploration. In this paper, we propose a colored noise-based stochastic policy variant of PPO. Previous research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jakob Hollenstein , Georg Martius , Justus Piater

Proximal constraints are fundamental to the stability of the Large Language Model reinforcement learning. While the canonical clipping mechanism in PPO serves as an efficient surrogate for trust regions, we identify a critical bottleneck:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuan Li , Bo Wang , Yufei Gao , Yuqian Yao , Xinyuan Wang , Zhangyue Yin , Xipeng Qiu

Traditional policy gradient methods are fundamentally flawed. Natural gradients converge quicker and better, forming the foundation of contemporary Reinforcement Learning such as Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 W. J. A. van Heeswijk

In this paper we study consensus-based optimization (CBO), a versatile, flexible and customizable optimization method suitable for performing nonconvex and nonsmooth global optimizations in high dimensions. CBO is a multi-particle…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Konstantin Riedl

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic global optimization paradigm that has gained prominence in the last two decades due to its ease of application in unsupervised, complex multidimensional problems which cannot be solved…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Saptarshi Sengupta , Sanchita Basak , Richard Alan Peters

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is widely regarded as one of the most successful deep reinforcement learning algorithms, known for its robustness and effectiveness across a range of problems. The PPO objective encourages the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Gilad Karpel , Ruida Zhou , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Novel advanced policy gradient (APG) methods, such as Trust Region policy optimization and Proximal policy optimization (PPO), have become the dominant reinforcement learning algorithms because of their ease of implementation and good…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-22 J. G. Dai , Mark Gluzman

PPO (Proximal Policy Optimization) is a state-of-the-art policy gradient algorithm that has been successfully applied to complex computer games such as Dota 2 and Honor of Kings. In these environments, an agent makes compound actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Xiulei Song , Yizhao Jin , Greg Slabaugh , Simon Lucas

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a highly popular model-free reinforcement learning (RL) approach. However, we observe that in a continuous action space, PPO can prematurely shrink the exploration variance, which leads to slow progress…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Perttu Hämäläinen , Amin Babadi , Xiaoxiao Ma , Jaakko Lehtinen

Consensus-based optimization (CBO) is a powerful and versatile zero-order multi-particle method designed to provably solve high-dimensional global optimization problems, including those that are genuinely nonconvex or nonsmooth. The method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Massimo Fornasier , Hui Huang , Jona Klemenc , Greta Malaspina

In this paper, a new adaptive multi-batch experience replay scheme is proposed for proximal policy optimization (PPO) for continuous action control. On the contrary to original PPO, the proposed scheme uses the batch samples of past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Seungyul Han , Youngchul Sung

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is one of the promising approaches for introducing robots into complicated environments. The recent remarkable progress of DRL stands on regularization of policy, which allows the policy to improve stably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Taisuke Kobayashi

In sequence generation task, many works use policy gradient for model optimization to tackle the intractable backpropagation issue when maximizing the non-differentiable evaluation metrics or fooling the discriminator in adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Yi-Lin Tuan , Jinzhi Zhang , Yujia Li , Hung-yi Lee

We study the roots of algorithmic progress in deep policy gradient algorithms through a case study on two popular algorithms: Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO). Specifically, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Logan Engstrom , Andrew Ilyas , Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Firdaus Janoos , Larry Rudolph , Aleksander Madry
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