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When two-dimensional atomic crystals are brought into close proximity to form a van der Waals heterostructure, neighbouring crystals can start influencing each others electronic properties. Of particular interest is the situation when the…

In clean two-dimensional (2D) systems, electrons are expected to self-organize into a regular lattice, a Wigner crystal, when their mutual Coulomb repulsion overwhelms kinetic energy. Understanding the Wigner crystal at zero magnetic field…

Moir\'e systems have emerged as an exciting tunable platform for engineering and probing quantum matter. A large number of exotic states have been observed, stimulating intense efforts in experiment, theory, and simulation. Utilizing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Conor Smith , Yubo Yang , Zhou-Quan Wan , Yixiao Chen , Miguel A. Morales , Shiwei Zhang

The crystallization of electrons in quasi low-dimensional solids is studied in a model which retains the full three-dimensional nature of the Coulomb interactions. We show that restricting the electron motion to layers (or chains) gives…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-11 G. Rastelli , P. Quemerais , S. Fratini

The existence of Wigner crystallization, one of the most significant hallmarks of strong electron correlations, has to date only been definitively observed in two-dimensional systems. In one-dimensional (1D) quantum wires Wigner crystals…

Recent discoveries on Mott insulating and unconventional superconducting states in twisted bilayer graphene with Moir\'e superlattices have reshaped the landscape of ''twistronics'' and paved the way for developing high-temperature…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Mourad Oudich , Xianghong Kong , Tan Zhang , Chengwei Qiu , Yun Jing

Dynamic control of conductivity and optical properties via atomic structure changes is of tremendous technological importance in information storage. Energy consumption considerations provide a driving force toward employing thin materials…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-02-16 Yao Li , Karel-Alexander N. Duerloo , Kerry Wauson , Evan J. Reed

Strongly interacting electrons in two-dimensional systems can spontaneously break translational symmetry, forming a periodic Wigner crystal. Although these crystals have been realized in several platforms, experimental studies of their…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 L. Wang , F. Menzel , F. Pichler , P. Knüppel , K. Watanabe , T. Taniguchi , M. Knap , T. Smoleński

We investigate the stability, the dynamical properties and melting of a two-dimensional (2D) Wigner crystal (WC) of classical Coulombic particles in a bi-layer structure. Compared to the single-layer WC, this system shows a rich phase…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 G. Goldoni , F. M. Peeters

Electronic tunability in crystals with weakly-bound layers can be achieved through layer stacking order. One such example is MoTe$_2$, where the low-temperature orthorhombic T$_d$ phase is topological and host to Weyl quasiparticles. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-17 John A. Schneeloch , Chunruo Duan , Xiaoping Wang , Jun Liu , Junjie Yang , Despina Louca

Transition metal dichalcogenide-based moire superlattices exhibit very strong electron-electron correlations, thus giving rise to strongly correlated quantum phenomena such as generalized Wigner crystal states. Theoretical studies predict…

The quantum crystal of electrons, predicted more than eighty years ago by Eugene Wigner, is still one of the most elusive states of matter. Here, we present experiments that observe the one-dimensional Wigner crystal directly, by imaging…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Ilanit Shapir , Assaf Hamo , Sharon Pecker , Catalin Pascu Moca , Örs Legeza , Gergely Zarand , Shahal Ilani

We consider the fate of the Wigner crystal state in a two dimensional system of massive Dirac electrons as the effective fine structure constant $\alpha$ is increased. In a Dirac system, larger $\alpha$ naively corresponds to stronger…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-07-06 Sandeep Joy , Brian Skinner

When the charge density is sufficiently low, interacting two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) would undergo a phase transition from homogeneous Fermi liquid to an electronic crystal state, known as Wigner crystal. Besides conventional 2DEG,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-14 Zhongqing Guo , Jianpeng Liu

The creation of moir\'e superlattices in twisted bilayers of two-dimensional crystals has been utilised to engineer quantum material properties in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors. Here, we examine the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 J. G. McHugh , V. V. Enaldiev , V. I. Fal'ko

We study the possibility of Wigner crystallization in both single- and and bi-layer graphene using a real space tight binding model. In addition to verifying our earlier prediction for single layer graphene, we predict that the bilayer…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-06-13 Hari P. Dahal , Tim O. Wehling , Kevin S. Bedell , Jian-Xin Zhu , A. V. Balatsky

Lattice Wigner crystal states stabilized by long-range Coulomb interactions have recently been realized in two-dimensional moir\'e materials. We employ large-scale unrestricted Hartree-Fock techniques to unveil the magnetic phase diagrams…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-06-22 Nitin Kaushal , Nicolás Morales-Durán , Allan H. MacDonald , Elbio Dagotto

Wigner crystals are extremely fragile, which is shown to result from very strong geometric frustration germane to long-range Coulomb interactions. Physically, this is manifested by a very small characteristic energy scale for shear density…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-10 Mohammed Hammam , Cyprian Lewandowski , Vladimir Dobrosavljevic , Sandeep Joy

We introduce a new approach for the correlation energy of one- and two-valley two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems. Our approach is based on a random phase approximation at high densities and a classical approach at low densities,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-04-05 M. Zarenia , D. Neilson , B. Partoens , F. M. Peeters

We determine the ground state of the two-dimensional, fully polarized electron gas within the Hartree-Fock approximation without imposing any particular symmetries on the solutions. At low electronic densities, the Wigner crystal solution…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-03-04 B. Bernu , F. Delyon , M. Duneau , M. Holzmann