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Activation sparsity can enable practical inference speedups in large language models (LLMs) by reducing the compute and memory-movement required for matrix multiplications during the forward pass. However, existing methods face limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 James Liu , Pragaash Ponnusamy , Tianle Cai , Han Guo , Yoon Kim , Ben Athiwaratkun

Activation sparsity can reduce the computational overhead and memory transfers during the forward pass of Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Existing methods face limitations, either demanding time-consuming recovery training that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kai Liu , Bowen Xu , Shaoyu Wu , Xin Chen , Hao Zhou , Yongliang Tao , Lulu Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant activation sparsity, where only a subset of neurons are active for a given input. Although this sparsity presents opportunities to reduce computational cost, efficiently utilizing it requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Xinyue Zhang , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Kun Suo

Exploiting activation sparsity is a promising approach to significantly accelerating the inference process of large language models (LLMs) without compromising performance. However, activation sparsity is determined by activation functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yixin Song , Haotong Xie , Zhengyan Zhang , Bo Wen , Li Ma , Zeyu Mi , Haibo Chen

Sparse activation, which selectively activates only an input-dependent set of neurons in inference, is a useful technique to reduce the computing cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) without retraining or adaptation efforts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jifeng Song , Kai Huang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

Activation sparsity refers to the existence of considerable weakly-contributed elements among activation outputs. As a prevalent property of the models using the ReLU activation function, activation sparsity has been proven a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zhengyan Zhang , Shengding Hu , Xiyu Shi , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Guangli Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success with their billion-level parameters, yet they incur high inference overheads. The emergence of activation sparsity in LLMs provides a natural approach to reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Haizhong Zheng , Xiaoyan Bai , Xueshen Liu , Z. Morley Mao , Beidi Chen , Fan Lai , Atul Prakash

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks but often require additional training, such as continual pre-training and supervised fine-tuning. However, the costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Pengyu Wang , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Liangtai Sun , Su Zhu , Shuai Fan , Kai Yu

Deploying local AI models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), to edge devices can substantially enhance devices' independent capabilities, alleviate the server's burden, and lower the response time. Owing to these tremendous potentials,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Liang Zhao , Kun Suo

Activation sparsity is an intriguing property of deep neural networks that has been extensively studied in ReLU-based models, due to its advantages for efficiency, robustness, and interpretability. However, methods relying on exact zero…

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) achieves strong open-vocabulary segmentation, but its ViT-based image encoders dominate inference latency and memory. Existing activation compression methods, such as token merging, reduce the token length…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hoai-Chau Tran , Chi H. Nguyen , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Mathias Niepert , Fan Lai , Khoa D. Doan

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong capabilities but incur high inference costs due to dense computation and memory access. Training-free activation sparsity is a promising approach for efficient LLM inference, yet existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lei Chen , Yuan Meng , Xiaoyu Zhan , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Recently, multimodal large language models (MM-LLMs) have achieved significant success in various tasks, but their high computational costs limit widespread application. The main computational burden arises from processing concatenated text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Gaotong Yu , Yi Chen , Jian Xu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit substantial performance disparities across languages, particularly between high- and low-resource settings. We propose a framework for improving performance in underrepresented languages while preserving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Daniil Gurgurov , Tanja Baeumel , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

Large Language Models (LLMs), while demonstrating remarkable capabilities across various applications, present significant challenges during inference due to their substantial model size, especially when deployed on edge devices. Activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenyu Zhang , Zechun Liu , Yuandong Tian , Harshit Khaitan , Zhangyang Wang , Steven Li

Sparse learning is ubiquitous in many machine learning tasks. It aims to regularize the goodness-of-fit objective by adding a penalty term to encode structural constraints on the model parameters. In this paper, we develop a flexible sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Yingjie Wang , Mokhtar Z. Alaya , Salim Bouzebda , Xinsheng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities, but their immense computational demands during training remain a critical bottleneck for widespread adoption. Low-rank training has received attention in recent years due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiaxi Li , Lu Yin , Li Shen , Jinjin Xu , Yuhui Liu , Wenwu Wang , Shiwei Liu , Xilu Wang

Sparse plus Low-Rank $(\mathbf{S} + \mathbf{LR})$ decomposition of Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising direction in model compression, aiming to decompose pre-trained model weights into a sum of sparse and low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mehdi Makni , Xiang Meng , Rahul Mazumder

Activation sparsity denotes the existence of substantial weakly-contributed elements within activation outputs that can be eliminated, benefiting many important applications concerned with large language models (LLMs). Although promoting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuqi Luo , Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Yingfa Chen , Chaojun Xiao , Xiaojun Meng , Liqun Deng , Jiansheng Wei , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are difficult to fully fine-tune (e.g., with instructions or human feedback) due to their sheer number of parameters. A family of parameter-efficient sparse fine-tuning methods have proven promising in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Alan Ansell , Ivan Vulić , Hannah Sterz , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti
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