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We introduce InterChart, a diagnostic benchmark that evaluates how well vision-language models (VLMs) reason across multiple related charts, a task central to real-world applications such as scientific reporting, financial analysis, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Anirudh Iyengar Kaniyar Narayana Iyengar , Srija Mukhopadhyay , Adnan Qidwai , Shubhankar Singh , Dan Roth , Vivek Gupta

Structured tables are essential for conveying high-density information in professional domains such as finance, healthcare, and scientific research. Despite the progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), reasoning performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiaoyu Chen , Lu Dai , Hanqing Wang , Zhuoyu Li , Wenbin Dai , Yanzong Zheng , Zhenggang Xia , Junyong Lin , Hui Xiong

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) demands robust, unbiased, and scalable evaluation methods. However, human annotations are costly to scale, model-based evaluations are susceptible to stylistic biases, and…

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has seen them excel and frequently surpass human performance on standard benchmarks. This has enabled many downstream applications, such as LLM agents, to rely on their reasoning to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Harsh Kohli , Sachin Kumar , Huan Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show reasoning promise, yet their visual perception is a critical bottleneck. Strikingly, MLLMs can produce correct answers even while misinterpreting crucial visual elements, masking these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aditya Kanade , Tanuja Ganu

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form…

Enhancing the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to interpret sheet music is a crucial step toward building AI musicians. However, current research lacks both evaluation benchmarks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhilin Wang , Zhe Yang , Yun Luo , Yafu Li , Xiaoye Qu , Ziqian Qiao , Haoran Zhang , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Jizhe Zhou , Yu Cheng

Recent work has empirically shown that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle to fully understand the compositional properties of the human language, usually modeling an image caption as a "bag of words". As a result, they perform poorly on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Fiorenzo Parascandolo , Nicholas Moratelli , Enver Sangineto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Visual reasoning is a core component of human intelligence and a critical capability for advanced multimodal models. Yet current reasoning evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often rely on text descriptions and allow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Weiye Xu , Jiahao Wang , Weiyun Wang , Zhe Chen , Wengang Zhou , Aijun Yang , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Jinguo Zhu

Real-world clinical practice demands multi-image comparative reasoning, yet current medical benchmarks remain limited to single-frame interpretation. We present MedFrameQA, the first benchmark explicitly designed to test multi-image medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Suhao Yu , Haojin Wang , Juncheng Wu , Luyang Luo , Jingshen Wang , Cihang Xie , Pranav Rajpurkar , Carl Yang , Yang Yang , Kang Wang , Yannan Yu , Yuyin Zhou

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong performance on single-video tasks (e.g., video question answering), their capability for spatiotemporal pattern reasoning across multiple videos remains a critical gap in pattern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nannan Zhu , Yonghao Dong , Teng Wang , Xueqian Li , Shengjun Deng , Yijia Wang , Zheng Hong , Tiantian Geng , Guo Niu , Hanyan Huang , Xiongfei Yao , Shuaiwei Jiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in open-vocabulary perceptual tasks, yet their ability to solve complex cognitive problems remains limited, especially when visual details are abstract and require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Boyi Li , Yifan Shen , Yuanzhe Liu , Yifan Xu , Jiateng Liu , Xinzhuo Li , Zhengyuan Li , Jingyuan Zhu , Yunhan Zhong , Fangzhou Lan , Jianguo Cao , James M. Rehg , Heng Ji , Ismini Lourentzou , Xu Cao

Multiple works have emerged to push the boundaries of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) towards pixel-level understanding. The current trend is to train MLLMs with pixel-level grounding supervision in terms of masks on large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mennatullah Siam

Despite significant advancements, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) continue to face challenges in complex visual reasoning tasks that demand deep contextual understanding, multi-angle analysis, or meticulous detail recognition. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Amirul Rahman , Qiang Xu , Xueying Huang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled a wide range of advanced vision-language applications, including fine-grained object recognition and contextual understanding. When querying specific regions or objects in an image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mingjie Xu , Jinpeng Chen , Yuzhi Zhao , Jason Chun Lok Li , Yue Qiu , Zekang Du , Mengyang Wu , Pingping Zhang , Kun Li , Hongzheng Yang , Wenao Ma , Jiaheng Wei , Qinbin Li , Kangcheng Liu , Wenqiang Lei

Generating accurate circuit schematics from high-level natural language descriptions remains a persistent challenge in electronic design automation (EDA), as large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate components, violate strict…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Khandakar Shakib Al Hasan , Syed Rifat Raiyan , Hasin Mahtab Alvee , Wahid Sadik

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities utilizing reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable reward, whether large vision-language models (VLMs) can directly inherit such capabilities through similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tianle Li , Jihai Zhang , Yongming Rao , Yu Cheng

Engineering design operates through hierarchical abstraction from system specifications to component implementations, requiring visual understanding coupled with mathematical reasoning at each level. While Multi-modal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Arman Akbari , Jian Gao , Yifei Zou , Mei Yang , Jinru Duan , Dmitrii Torbunov , Yanzhi Wang , Yihui Ren , Xuan Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities across various tasks, including visual question answering and chart comprehension, yet existing benchmarks for chart-related tasks fall short in capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zifeng Zhu , Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Lang Li , Meng Jiang