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Related papers: Binding Free Energies without Alchemy

200 papers

Alchemical binding free energy (BFE) calculations offer an efficient and thermodynamically rigorous approach to in silico binding affinity predictions. As a result of decades of methodological improvements and recent advances in computer…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-13 Pengfei Li , Zhijie Li , Yu Wang , Huaixia Dou , Brian K. Radak , Woody Sherman , Huafeng Xu

Absolute binding free energy (ABFE) calculations offer a theoretically rigorous approach for predicting protein--ligand binding affinities without the scaffold constraints of relative binding free energy (RBFE) perturbations. However, broad…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yu Liu , Ailun Wang , Yu Xia , Zhi Wang , Wen Yan

Accurate absolute binding free energy (ABFE) calculations can reduce the time and cost of identifying drug candidates from a diverse pool of molecules that may have been overlooked experimentally. These calculations typically employ…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Steven Ayoub , Michael Barton , David A. Case , Tyler Luchko

We present an extension of Alchemical Transfer Method (ATM) for the estimation of relative binding free energies of molecular complexes applicable to conventional as well as scaffold-hopping alchemical transformations. The method, named…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Solmaz Azimi , Sheenam Khuttan , Joe Z. Wu , Rajat K. Pal , Emilio Gallicchio

We present a new method that combines alchemical transformation with physical pathway to accurately and efficiently compute the absolute binding free energy of receptor-ligand complex. Currently, the double decoupling method (DDM) and the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-29 Nanjie Deng , Lauren Wickstrom , Emilio Gallicchio

This letter gives results on improving protein-ligand binding affinity predictions based on molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials with a hybrid neural network potential and molecular mechanics methodology…

Free energy perturbation (FEP) is considered the gold-standard simulation method for estimating small molecule binding affinity, a quantity of vital importance to drug discovery. The accuracy of FEP critically depends on an accurate model…

Relative Binding Free Energy (RBFE) calculations are a cornerstone of rational hit-to-lead and lead optimization in modern drug discovery. However, the high computational cost and limited reliability in tackling large or complex molecular…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Narjes Ansari , Félix Aviat , Jérôme Hénin , Jean-Philip Piquemal , Louis Lagardère

The Alchemical Transfer Method (ATM) is herein validated against the relative binding free energies of a diverse set of protein-ligand complexes. We employed a streamlined setup workflow, a bespoke force field, and the AToM-OpenMM software…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Lieyang Chen , Yujie Wu , Chuanjie Wu , Ana Silveira , Woody Sherman , Huafeng Xu , Emilio Gallicchio

Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is crucial in drug discovery, particularly during hit-to-lead and lead optimization phases, however, limitations in ligand force fields continue to impact prediction accuracy. In this…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Francesc Sabanés Zariquiey , Stephen E. Farr , Stefan Doerr , Gianni De Fabritiis

A rigorous formalism for estimating noncovalent binding free energies and thermodynamic expectations from calculations in which receptor configurations are sampled independently from the ligand is derived. Due to this separation, receptor…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-20 David D. L. Minh

Despite recent advances in protein-ligand structure prediction, deep learning methods remain limited in their ability to accurately predict binding affinities, particularly for novel protein targets dissimilar from the training set. In…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-04 Michael Brocidiacono , James Wellnitz , Konstantin I. Popov , Alexander Tropsha

We introduce an efficient and robust method to compute alchemical free energy differences, resulting from the application of multiple walker Adaptive Biasing Force (ABF) in conjunction with strongly damped Langevin $\lambda$-dynamics.…

We introduce the self-Relative Binding Free Energy (self-RBFE) approach to evaluate the intrinsic statistical variance of dual-topology alchemical binding free energy estimators. The self-RBFE is the relative binding free energy between a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 Sheenam Khuttan , Emilio Gallicchio

Predicting the binding affinity between small molecules and target macromolecules while combining both speed and accuracy, is a cornerstone of modern computational drug discovery which is critical for accelerating therapeutic development.…

The primary objective of most lead optimization campaigns is to enhance the binding affinity of ligands. For large molecules such as antibodies, identifying mutations that enhance antibody affinity is particularly challenging due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Alexandra Gessner , Sebastian W. Ober , Owen Vickery , Dino Oglić , Talip Uçar

The Alchemical Transfer Method (ATM) for the calculation of standard binding free energies of non-covalent molecular complexes is presented. The method is based on a coordinate displacement perturbation of the ligand between the receptor…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-01-21 Joe Z. Wu , Solmaz Azimi , Sheenam Khuttan , Nanjie Deng , Emilio Gallicchio

We compute absolute binding affinities for two ligands bound to the FKBP protein using non-equilibrium unbinding simulations. The methodology is straight-forward, requiring little or no modification to many modern molecular simulation…

Biological Physics · Physics 2008-11-24 F. Marty Ytreberg

Accurate prediction of binding free energies is critical to streamlining the drug development and protein design process. With the advent of GPU acceleration, absolute alchemical methods, which simulate the removal of ligand electrostatics…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Edward King , Ruxi Qi , Han Li , Ray Luo , Erick Aitchison

The accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is crucial for drug discovery. Alchemical free energy calculations have become a popular tool for this purpose. However, the accuracy and reliability of these methods can vary…

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