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We show that every NP problem is polynomially equivalent to a simple combinatorial problem: the membership problem for a special class of digraphs. These classes are defined by means of shadows (projections) and by finitely many forbidden…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-06-27 Gabor Kun , Jaroslav Nesetril

The field of analytic combinatorics, which studies the asymptotic behaviour of sequences through analytic properties of their generating functions, has led to the development of deep and powerful tools with applications across mathematics…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-18 Stephen Melczer

We study algorithmic questions for concurrent systems where the transitions are labeled from a complete, closed semiring, and path properties are algebraic with semiring operations. The algebraic path properties can model dataflow analysis…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-11-27 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Andreas Pavlogiannis

The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of Hodge-theoretic (intersection homology) genera and their associated characteristic classes under proper morphisms of complex algebraic varieties. We obtain formulae that relate (parametrized…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-04-03 Sylvain E. Cappell , Laurentiu G. Maxim , Julius L. Shaneson

Augmented Lagrangian and optimistic primal--dual methods stabilize equality-constrained optimization through seemingly different mechanisms: the former adds constraint-dependent primal curvature, while the latter adds dual memory. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiayi Zhao

Edge-coloring problems with forbidden patterns are decision problems asking to find an edge-coloring of the input graph which avoids a homomorphism from a fixed forbidden family of edge-colored graphs. In the precolored version of these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Alexey Barsukov , Antoine Mottet , Davide Perinti

We develop the structure theory for transformations of weakly geometric rough paths of bounded $1 < p$-variation and their controlled paths. Our approach differs from existing approaches as it does not rely on smooth approximations. We…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-09-01 Thomas Cass , Bruce K. Driver , Christian Litterer , Emilio Ferrucci

A canonical formalism and constraint analysis for discrete systems subject to a variational action principle are devised. The formalism is equivalent to the covariant formulation, encompasses global and local discrete time evolution moves…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-17 Bianca Dittrich , Philipp A Hoehn

Geometric Invariant Theory gives a method for constructing quotients for group actions on algebraic varieties which in many cases appear as moduli spaces parametrizing isomorphism classes of geometric objects (vector bundles, polarized…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Igor V. Dolgachev , Yi Hu

Path graphs are intersection graphs of paths in a tree.~In this paper we give a "6\ good characterization" of path graphs, namely, we prove that path graph membership is in $NP\cap CoNP$ without resorting to existing polynomial time…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Nicola Apollonio , Lorenzo Balzotti

We enumerate rational curves in toric surfaces passing through points and satisfying cross-ratio constraints using tropical and combinatorial methods. Our starting point is arXiv:1509.07453, where a tropical-algebraic correspondence theorem…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Christoph Goldner

The Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) has been intensively studied in many areas of computer science and mathematics. The approach to the CSP based on tools from universal algebra turned out to be the most successful one to study the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Andrei A. Bulatov

We introduce a novel generative formulation of deep probabilistic models implementing "soft" constraints on their function dynamics. In particular, we develop a flexible methodological framework where the modeled functions and derivatives…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-19 Marco Lorenzi , Maurizio Filippone

In this manuscript we consider Intrinsic Stochastic Differential Equations on manifolds and constrain it to a level set of a smooth function. Such type of constraints are known as explicit algebraic constraints. The system of differential…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Sumit Suthar , Soumyendu Raha

Cooperative constraint solving is an area of constraint programming that studies the interaction between constraint solvers with the aim of discovering the interaction patterns that amplify the positive qualities of individual solvers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Evgueni Petrov , Eric Monfroy

Functor coalgebras capture a wide range of transition systems that must however evolve in discrete steps. We introduce graded coalgebras of graded monads and propose them to model continuous-time transition systems. We develop the theory of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Elena Di Lavore , Jonas Forster , Mario Román

The class of ordinary linear constant coefficient differential equations is naturally embedded into a wider class by associating differential equations to algebraic curves.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-05-09 Vakhtang Lomadze

Constraints imposed directly on accelerations of the system leading to the relation of constants of motion with appropriate local projectors occurring in the derived equations are considered. In this way a generalization of the Noether's…

General Physics · Physics 2014-06-03 Jerzy Hanckowiak

The Longest Path Problem is a question of finding the maximum length between pairs of vertices of a graph. In the general case, the problem is NP-complete. However, there is a small collection of graph classes for which there exists an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Omar Al - Khazali

Recursive coalgebras provide an elegant categorical tool for modelling recursive algorithms and analysing their termination and correctness. By considering coalgebras over categories of suitably indexed families, the correctness of the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Cass Alexandru , Henning Urbat , Thorsten Wißmann