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A crucial task to obtain optimal and reliable quantum devices is to quantify their overall performance. The average fidelity of quantum gates is a particular figure of merit that can be estimated efficiently by Randomized Benchmarking (RB).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Miha Papič , Adrian Auer , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Kavan Modi , Inés de Vega

A $n^d \xrightarrow{p} 1$ Quantum Random Access Code (QRAC) is a communication task where Alice encodes $n$ classical bits into quantum states of dimension $d$ and transmits them to Bob, who performs appropriate measurements to recover the…

As quantum circuits become more integrated and complex, additional error sources that were previously insignificant start to emerge. Consequently, the fidelity of quantum gates benchmarked under pristine conditions falls short of predicting…

Quantum computers are inhibited by physical errors that occur during computation. For this reason, the development of increasingly sophisticated error characterization and error suppression techniques is central to the progress of quantum…

As quantum devices make steady progress towards intermediate scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing, it is essential to develop rigorous and efficient measurement protocols that account for known sources of noise. Most existing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 M. J. Gullans , M. Caranti , A. R. Mills , J. R. Petta

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is a widely adopted protocol for estimating the average gate fidelity in quantum hardware. However, its standard formulation relies on the assumption of temporally uncorrelated noise, an assumption often…

Measurements are a vital part of any quantum computation, whether as a final step to retrieve results, as an intermediate step to inform subsequent operations, or as part of the computation itself (as in measurement-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

We show that recurrent quantum reservoir computers (QRCs) and their recurrence-free architectures (RF-QRCs) are robust tools for learning and forecasting chaotic dynamics from time-series data. First, we formulate and interpret quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Osama Ahmed , Felix Tennie , Luca Magri

The computational power of real-world quantum computers is limited by errors. When using quantum computers to perform algorithms which cannot be efficiently simulated classically, it is important to quantify the accuracy with which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Avi Vadali , Rutuja Kshirsagar , Prasanth Shyamsundar , Gabriel N. Perdue

Generating samples from the output distribution of a quantum circuit is a ubiquitous task used as a building block of many quantum algorithms. Here we show how to accomplish this task on a noisy quantum processor lacking full-blown error…

As quantum computers approach the fault tolerance threshold, diagnosing and characterizing the noise on large scale quantum devices is increasingly important. One of the most important classes of noise channels is the class of Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Robin Harper , Wenjun Yu , Steven T. Flammia

Compared to the more widely studied Pauli errors, coherent errors present several new challenges in quantum computing and quantum error correction (QEC). For example, coherent errors may interfere constructively over a long circuit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Kathleen Chang , Qile Su , Shruti Puri

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is a widely used method for estimating the average fidelity of gates implemented on a quantum computing device. The stochastic error of the average gate fidelity estimated by RB depends on the sampling strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-17 Toshinari Itoko , Rudy Raymond

Quantum processing units (QPUs) are highly heterogeneous in terms of physical qubit performance. To add even more complexity, drift in quantum noise landscapes has been well-documented. This makes resource allocation a challenging problem…

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

Accurately estimating observables on noisy quantum devices remains a central challenge for near-term quantum algorithms. While quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise-induced bias, they often rely on unverifiable assumptions…

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

Recent work by Bravyi et al. constructs a relation problem that a noisy constant-depth quantum circuit (QNC$^0$) can solve with near certainty (probability $1 - o(1)$), but that any bounded fan-in constant-depth classical circuit (NC$^0$)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Daniel Grier , Nathan Ju , Luke Schaeffer

We develop an error mitigation method for the control-free phase estimation. We prove a theorem that under the first-order correction, the noise channels with only Hermitian Kraus operators do not change the phases of a unitary operator,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-23 Yanwu Gu , Yunheng Ma , Nicolo Forcellini , Dong E. Liu