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Related papers: Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Pla…

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In this paper, a dynamic (i.e. multi-year) hybrid model is presented for Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) utilizing the High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) and multiterminal Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC)-based High Voltage Direct…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Mojtaba Moradi-Sepahvand , Turaj Amraee

Improving distribution grid reliability is a major challenge for planning and operation of distribution systems having a high share of distributed generators (DGs). The rise of DGs share can lead to unplanned contingencies while on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-23 Sohail Khan , Sawsan Henein , Helfried Brunner

Considering that the existing setup of the European electricity markets promotes the spatial coordination of neighbouring power systems only on the day-ahead market stage, regional system operators have to rely mainly on their internal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Stefanos Delikaraoglou , Pierre Pinson , Robert Eriksson , Tilman Weckesser

In this paper, a multi-stage model for expansion co-planning of transmission lines, Battery Energy Storages (BESs), and Wind Farms (WFs) is presented considering resilience against extreme weather events. In addition to High Voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Mojtaba Moradi-Sepahvand , Turaj Amraee , Saleh Sadeghi Gougheri

This paper studies the frequency response using PV. Multiple control strategies are considered and simulated in the high PV ERCOT model, including inertia control, synthetic governor control, and AGC control. The impact of different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-01 Shutang You

DC microgrids provide an efficient framework for the interconnection of DC distributed energy resources (DERs) and DC loads. To continue to supply legacy single-phase AC loads, DC/AC converters can be integrated in the DC microgrid. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-01 Mehdi Baharizadeh , Mohammad Sadegh Golsorkhi , Neda Keshavarzi , Thomas Ebel

The increasing integration of renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, introduces significant uncertainty into hybrid AC-HVDC systems due to forecast errors and power fluctuations. Conventional control strategies typically rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Hongjin Du , Rahul Rane , Weijie Xia , Pedro P. Vergara , Aleksandra Lekić

Fast frequency response (FR) is highly effective at securing frequency dynamics after a generator outage in low inertia systems. Electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers could offer an abundant source of FR in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-29 Cormac O'Malley , Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Enrique Mallada , Changhong Zhao , Steven H. Low

As the penetration level of distributed energy resources (DERs) continues to rise, traditional frequency and voltage support from synchronous machines declines. This weakens grid stability and increases the need for fast and adaptive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Sihao Chen , Xue Hu , Zhaoyuan Wu

Hybrid microgrids integrating Grid-Following (GFL) and Grid-Forming (GFM) inverters present complex control challenges arising from the decoupling between long-term economic dispatch and real-time dynamic regulation, as well as the distinct…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Lifu Ding , Chunhui Hou , Yutong Li , Qinmin Yang

The concept of complex frequency has been recently introduced on the IEEE Transactions on Power Systems to study bus voltage variations in magnitude and frequency and their link with complex power injections of a power system. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Ignacio Ponce , Federico Milano

Higher shares of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and market liberalization is increasing uncertainty in power systems operation. At the same time, operation is becoming more flexible with improved control systems and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-09 Line Roald , Sidhant Misra , Thilo Krause , Goran Andersson

The stability of AC power grids relies on ancillary services that mitigate frequency fluctuations. The electromechanical inertia of large synchronous generators is currently the only resource to absorb frequency disturbances on sub-second…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Julian Fritzsch , Philippe Jacquod

To address the frequency stability challenges posed by the rising penetration of power electronics in power systems, HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are increasingly expected to provide inertial response and frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Zhenghua XU , Dominic Groß , George Alin Raducu , Behnam Nouri , Oscar Saborío-Romano , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

In the context of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs), the integration of frequency containment reserve (FCR) and fast frequency control (FFC) enabled via local compensation of power imbalance represents a significant advancement in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Saif Ahmad , Seifeddine Ben Elghali , Hafiz Ahmed

A rapid deployment of renewable generation has led to significant reduction in the rotational system inertia and damping, thus making frequency control in power systems more challenging. This paper proposes a novel control scheme based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug , Duncan Callaway , Evangelos Vrettos

To address the control challenges associated with the increasing share of inverter-connected renewable energy resources, this paper proposes a direct data-driven approach for fast frequency control in the bulk power system. The proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-12 Etinosa Ekomwenrenren , John W. Simpson-Porco , Evangelos Farantatos , Mahendra Patel , Aboutaleb Haddadi , Lin Zhu

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a commonly used technology for long-distance power transmission, due to its low resistive losses and low costs. In this paper, a novel distributed controller for multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Martin Andreasson , Mohammad Nazari , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Henrik Sandberg , Karl H. Johansson , Mehrdad Ghandhari

Femtocellular networks will co-exist with macrocellular networks, mitigation of the interference between these two network types is a key challenge for successful integration of these two technologies. In particular, there are several…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-12 Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury , Yeong Min Jang , Zygmunt J. Haas