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The de Bruijn graph, its sequences, and their various generalizations, have found many applications in information theory, including many new ones in the last decade. In this paper, motivated by a coding problem for emerging memory…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Yeow Meng Chee , Tuvi Etzion , Han Mao Kiah , Alexander Vardy , Van Khu Vu , Eitan yaakobi

A balanced generalized de Bruijn sequence with parameters $(n,l,k)$ is a cyclic sequence of $n$ bits such that (a) the number of 0's equals the number of 1's, and (b) each substring of length $l$ occurs at most $k$ times. We determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Matthew Baker , Bhumika Mittal , Haran Mouli , Eric Tang

A de Bruijn sequence of order n over a k-symbol alphabet is a circular sequence where each length-n sequence occurs exactly once. We present a way of extending de Bruijn sequences by adding a new symbol to the alphabet: the extension is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Verónica Becher , Lucas Cortés

In this paper, a polynomial time algorithm for finding the set of all cyclic subsets in a graph is presented. The concept of cyclic subsets has already been introduced in an earlier paper. The algorithm finds cyclic subsets in a graph G by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-07 P. Clarke

Kitaev, Potapov, and Vajnovszki [On shortening u-cycles and u-words for permutations, Discrete Appl. Math, 2019] described how to shorten universal words for permutations, to length $n!+n-1-i(n-1)$ for any $i \in [(n-2)!]$, by introducing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-14 Rachel Kirsch , Bernard Lidický , Clare Sibley , Elizabeth Sprangel

The de Bruijn graph $G_K$ of a set of strings $S$ is a key data structure in genome assembly that represents overlaps between all the $K$-length substrings of $S$. Construction and navigation of the graph is a space and time bottleneck in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Christina Boucher , Alex Bowe , Travis Gagie , Simon J. Puglisi , Kunihiko Sadakane

This paper presents a method to find new De Bruijn cycles based on ones of lesser order. This is done by mapping a De Bruijn cycle to several vertex disjoint cycles in a De Bruijn digraph of higher order and connecting these cycles into one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-23 Abbas Alhakim , Mufutau Akinwande

A connected digraph in which the in-degree of any vertex equals its out-degree is Eulerian, this baseline result is used as the basis of existence proofs for universal cycles (also known as generalized deBruijn cycles or U-cycles) of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-21 KB Gardner , Anant Godbole

We give an algebraic, determinant-based algorithm for the K-Cycle problem, i.e., the problem of finding a cycle through a set of specified elements. Our approach gives a simple FPT algorithm for the problem, matching the $O^*(2^{|K|})$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-09 Magnus Wahlström

A k-uniform linear cycle of length s is a cyclic list of k-sets A_1,..., A_s such that consecutive sets intersect in exactly one element and nonconsecutive sets are disjoint. For all k at least 5 and s at least 3 and sufficiently large n we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Zoltan Furedi , Tao Jiang

A cycle system of order $n$ is a decomposition of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ into cycles of a fixed length. A cycle system is said to be $k$-colourable if we can assign $k$ colours to its vertices so that no cycle is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Andrea C. Burgess , David A. Pike , Shahriyar Pourakbar-Saffar

The de Bruijn torus (or grid) problem looks to find an $n$-by-$m$ binary matrix in which every possible $j$-by-$k$ submatrix appears exactly once. The existence and construction of these binary matrices was determined in the 70's, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Victoria Horan , Brett Stevens

A subsequence of a word $w$ is a word $u$ such that $u = w[i_1] w[i_2] , \dots w[i_{|u|}]$, for some set of indices $1 \leq i_1 < i_2 < \dots < i_k \leq |w|$. A word $w$ is $k$-subsequence universal over an alphabet $\Sigma$ if every word…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Duncan Adamson

We consider uniform random permutations of length $n$ conditioned to have no cycle longer than $n^\beta$ with $0<\beta<1$, in the limit of large $n$. Since in unconstrained uniform random permutations most of the indices are in cycles of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-21 Volker Betz , Helge Schäfer , Dirk Zeindler

We propose a new camera-based method of robot identification, tracking and orientation estimation. The system utilises coloured lights mounted in a circle around each robot to create unique colour sequences that are observed by a camera.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Tony Grubman , Y. Ahmet Şekercioğlu , David R. Wood

A binary modified de Bruijn sequence is an infinite and periodic binary sequence derived by removing a zero from the longest run of zeros in a binary de Bruijn sequence. The minimal polynomial of the modified sequence is its unique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Musthofa , Indah Emilia Wijayanti , Diah Junia Eksi Palupi , Martianus Frederic Ezerman

Given a string $T$ on an alphabet of size $\sigma$, we describe a bidirectional Burrows-Wheeler index that takes $O(|T|\log{\sigma})$ bits of space, and that supports the addition \emph{and removal} of one character, on the left or right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fabio Cunial , Djamal Belazzougui

Orientable sequences of order n are infinite periodic sequences with symbols drawn from a finite alphabet of size k with the property that any particular subsequence of length n occurs at most once in a period in either direction. They were…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Chris J Mitchell , Peter R Wild

Dynamic unary encoding takes unary encoding to the next level. Every n-bit binary string is an encoding of dynamic unary and every n-bit binary string is encodable by dynamic unary. By utilizing both forms of unary code and a single bit of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Ernst D. Berg

A connected digraph in which the in-degree of any vertex equals its out-degree is Eulerian; this baseline result is used as the basis of existence proofs for universal cycles (also known as deBruijn cycles or $U$-cycles) of several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-12 Britni LaBounty-Lay , Ashley Bechel , Anant P. Godbole