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Challenges persist in providing interpretable explanations for neural network reasoning in explainable AI (xAI). Existing methods like Integrated Gradients produce noisy maps, and LIME, while intuitive, may deviate from the model's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , Nicolas Boutry , Laurent Najman

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a critical role in fostering user trust and understanding in AI-driven systems. However, the design of effective XAI interfaces presents significant challenges, particularly for UX…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mohammad Naiseh , Huseyin Dogan , Stephen Giff , Nan Jiang

The use of wearables in medicine and wellness, enabled by AI-based models, offers tremendous potential for real-time monitoring and interpretable event detection. Explainable AI (XAI) is required to assess what models have learned and build…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Maurice Kuschel , Solveig Vieluf , Claus Reinsberger , Tobias Loddenkemper , Tanuj Hasija

The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Gaith Rjoub , Jamal Bentahar , Omar Abdel Wahab , Rabeb Mizouni , Alyssa Song , Robin Cohen , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

The increasing complexity of machine learning models in computer vision, particularly in face verification, requires the development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to enhance interpretability and transparency. This study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Miriam Doh , Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , N. Boutry , L. Najman , Matei Mancas , Bernard Gosselin

An explainable AI (XAI) model aims to provide transparency (in the form of justification, explanation, etc) for its predictions or actions made by it. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on building XAI models, especially to provide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Arjun Akula , Song-Chun Zhu

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has greatly advanced in recent years, but progress has mainly been made in computer vision and natural language processing. For time series, where the input is often not interpretable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Johanna Vielhaben , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Grégoire Montavon , Wojciech Samek

Explainable AI (XAI) has become increasingly important with the rise of large transformer models, yet many explanation methods designed for CNNs transfer poorly to Vision Transformers (ViTs). Existing ViT explanations often rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Meghna P Ayyar , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari

Explaining machine learning (ML) models using eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques has become essential to make them more transparent and trustworthy. This is especially important in high-stakes domains like healthcare, where understanding model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Felix Tempel , Daniel Groos , Espen Alexander F. Ihlen , Lars Adde , Inga Strümke

Deep learning models for learning analytics have become increasingly popular over the last few years; however, these approaches are still not widely adopted in real-world settings, likely due to a lack of trust and transparency. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Vinitra Swamy , Sijia Du , Mirko Marras , Tanja Käser

Cybersecurity vendors consistently apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) to their solutions and many cybersecurity domains can benefit from AI technology. However, black-box AI techniques present some difficulties in comprehension and adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Carlos Mendes , Tatiane Nogueira Rios

Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are sensitive infrastructure from both safety and economics perspectives, making their reliability critically important. Machine Learning (ML), specifically deep learning, is increasingly integrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Annemarie Jutte , Uraz Odyurt

The field of "explainable artificial intelligence" (XAI) seemingly addresses the desire that decisions of machine learning systems should be human-understandable. However, in its current state, XAI itself needs scrutiny. Popular methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Stefan Haufe , Rick Wilming , Benedict Clark , Rustam Zhumagambetov , Ahcène Boubekki , Jörg Martin , Danny Panknin

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) has been integrated into process mining tools as a value-adding task. PPM provides useful predictions on the further execution of the running business processes. To this end, machine learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Ghada Elkhawaga , Mervat Abuelkheir , Manfred Reichert

The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to improve the interpretability of black-box machine learning models. Building a heatmap based on the importance value of input features is a popular method for explaining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Amirhossein Aminimehr , Pouya Khani , Amirali Molaei , Amirmohammad Kazemeini , Erik Cambria

The black-box nature of large language models (LLMs) necessitates the development of eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques for transparency and trustworthiness. However, evaluating these techniques remains a challenge. This study presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Jugal Kalita

The ability to explain the prediction of deep learning models to end-users is an important feature to leverage the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for the medical decision-making process, which is usually considered non-transparent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Van Binh Truong , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Quoc Hung Cao , Quoc Khanh Nguyen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a crucial pathway in mitigating the risk of non-transparency in the decision-making process of black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. However, despite the benefits, XAI methods are found…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sonal Allana , Rozita Dara , Xiaodong Lin , Pulei Xiong

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems is often constrained by concerns over transparency, interpretability, and trust. While Human-Centered AI (HCAI)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chameera De Silva , Thilina Halloluwa , Dhaval Vyas