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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a transformative approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external knowledge sources. Yet, a critical question persists: how can vast volumes of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Carlo Merola , Jaspinder Singh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a framework to address the constraints of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet, its effectiveness fundamentally hinges on document chunking - an often-overlooked determinant of its quality.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Samuel Taiwo , Mohd Amaluddin Yusoff

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on effective document chunking strategies to balance retrieval quality, latency, and operational cost. Traditional chunking approaches, such as fixed-size, rule-based, or fully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Uday Allu , Sonu Kedia , Tanmay Odapally , Biddwan Ahmed

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

\Ac{RAG} has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing large models with real-time and domain-specific knowledge. While numerous improvements and open-source tools have been proposed to refine the \ac{RAG} framework for accuracy,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yixing Fan , Qiang Yan , Wenshan Wang , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

This paper introduces SemRAG, an enhanced Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework that efficiently integrates domain-specific knowledge using semantic chunking and knowledge graphs without extensive fine-tuning. Integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Kezhen Zhong , Basem Suleiman , Abdelkarim Erradi , Shijing Chen

Chunking quality determines RAG system performance. Current methods partition documents individually, but complex queries need information scattered across multiple sources: the knowledge fragmentation problem. We introduce Cross-Document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mile Stankovic

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to enhance large language models (LLMs) to generate more accurate and reliable answers with the help of the retrieved context from external knowledge sources, thereby reducing the incidence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jintao Liu , Ruixue Ding , Linhao Zhang , Pengjun Xie , Fie Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to generate more reliable and accurate responses, by augmenting large language models (LLMs) with the external vast and dynamic knowledge. Most previous work focuses on using RAG for single-round…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Linhao Ye , Zhikai Lei , Jianghao Yin , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have popularized semantic chunking, which aims to improve retrieval performance by dividing documents into semantically coherent segments. Despite its growing adoption, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Renyi Qu , Ruixuan Tu , Forrest Bao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become essential for large-scale code generation, grounding predictions in external code corpora to improve actuality. However, a critical yet underexplored aspect of RAG pipelines is chunking -- the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yilin Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Yang , Jiayi Wei , Tongshuang Wu

Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) chunking methods often create excessive redundancy, increasing storage costs and slowing retrieval. This study explores chunk filtering strategies, such as semantic, topic-based, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Daria Berdyugina , Anaëlle Cohen , Yohann Rioual

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

In this paper, we introduce KAG-Thinker, which upgrade KAG to a multi-turn interactive thinking and deep reasoning framework powered by a dedicated parameter-light large language model (LLM). Our approach constructs a structured thinking…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems combine large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieval, making them highly effective for knowledge-intensive tasks. A crucial but often under-explored component of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiashuo Sun , Xianrui Zhong , Sizhe Zhou , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources. This method addresses common LLM limitations, including outdated information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yuanjie Lyu , Zhiyu Li , Simin Niu , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Wenjin Wang , Hao Wu , Huanyong Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen