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Through an uncertainty quantification (UQ) perspective, we show that score-based generative models (SGMs) are provably robust to the multiple sources of error in practical implementation. Our primary tool is the Wasserstein uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Nikiforos Mimikos-Stamatopoulos , Benjamin J. Zhang , Markos A. Katsoulakis

Score diffusion methods can learn probability densities from samples. The score of the noise-corrupted density is estimated using a deep neural network, which is then used to iteratively transport a Gaussian white noise density to a target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zahra Kadkhodaie , Stéphane Mallat , Eero P. Simoncelli

Diffusion models generate high-dimensional data with remarkable quality, yet how their training efficiently learns the score function, bypassing the curse of dimensionality when data is supported on low-dimensional manifolds, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Wei Huang , Andi Han , Mingyuan Bai , Huanjian Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Taiji Suzuki , Kenji Fukumizu

Sampling in score-based diffusion models can be performed by solving either a reverse-time stochastic differential equation (SDE) parameterized by an arbitrary time-dependent stochasticity parameter or a probability flow ODE, corresponding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Bernardo P. Schaeffer , Ricardo M. S. Rosa , Glauco Valle

Score-based methods have recently seen increasing popularity in modeling and generation. Methods have been constructed to perform hypothesis testing and change-point detection with score functions, but these methods are in general not as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-23 Sean Moushegian , Taposh Banerjee , Vahid Tarokh

Sampling from heavy-tailed and multimodal distributions is challenging when neither the target density nor the proposal density can be evaluated, as in $\alpha$-stable L\'evy-driven fractional Langevin algorithms. While the target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Ahmed Aloui , Junyi Liao , Ali Hasan , Jose Blanchet , Vahid Tarokh

Score-based diffusion models generate samples from an unknown target distribution using a time-reversed diffusion process. While such models represent state-of-the-art approaches in industrial applications such as artificial image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Adrian Baule

Generative diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models in machine learning, yet a unified theoretical understanding of their operation is still developing. This paper provides an integrated perspective on generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-27 Dejan Stancevic , Luca Ambrogioni

In the field of inverse estimation for systems modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs), challenges arise when estimating high- (or even infinite-) dimensional parameters. Typically, the ill-posed nature of such problems…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yankun Hong , Harshit Bansal , Karen Veroy

Graph structures offer a versatile framework for representing diverse patterns in nature and complex systems, applicable across domains like molecular chemistry, social networks, and transportation systems. While diffusion models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Adrien Carrel

The Langevin dynamics is a diffusion process extensively used, in particular in molecular dynamics simulations, to sample Gibbs measures. Some alternatives based on (piecewise deterministic) kinetic velocity jump processes have gained…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Nicolaï Gouraud , Lucas Journel , Pierre Monmarché

A curious phenomenon observed in some dynamical generative models is the following: despite learning errors in the score function or the drift vector field, the generated samples appear to shift \emph{along} the support of the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Nisha Chandramoorthy , Adriaan de Clercq

Reconstructing complete 3D shapes from incomplete or noisy observations is a fundamentally ill-posed problem that requires balancing measurement consistency with shape plausibility. Existing methods for shape reconstruction can achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Linus Härenstam-Nielsen , Dmitrii Pozdeev , Thomas Dagès , Nikita Araslanov , Daniel Cremers

Learning generative models for graph-structured data is challenging because graphs are discrete, combinatorial, and the underlying data distribution is invariant to the ordering of nodes. However, most of the existing generative models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Chenhao Niu , Yang Song , Jiaming Song , Shengjia Zhao , Aditya Grover , Stefano Ermon

This paper explores the use of score-based diffusion models for Bayesian image reconstruction. Diffusion models are an efficient tool for generative modeling. Diffusion models can also be used for solving image reconstruction problems. We…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Michael T. McCann , Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye , Marc L. Klasky

A model has two main aims: predicting the behavior of a physical system and understanding its nature, that is how it works, at some desired level of abstraction. A promising recent approach to model building consists in deriving a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-02-26 Marco Baldovin , Andrea Puglisi , Angelo Vulpiani

Recent advancements in 3D generation are predominantly propelled by improvements in 3D-aware image diffusion models. These models are pretrained on Internet-scale image data and fine-tuned on massive 3D data, offering the capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Zeyu Yang , Zijie Pan , Chun Gu , Li Zhang

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Score-based models have achieved remarkable results in the generative modeling of many domains. By learning the gradient of smoothed data distribution, they can iteratively generate samples from complex distribution e.g. natural images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Binxu Wang , John J. Vastola

Diffusion policies have emerged as powerful generative models for offline policy learning, whose sampling process can be rigorously characterized by a score function guiding a stochastic differential equation (SDE). However, the same…

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