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The hard X-ray spectral index of some AGN has been observed to steepen with the source flux. This has been interpreted in a Comptonization scenario, where an increase in the soft flux decreases the temperature of the corona, leading to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-29 Samuzal Barua , V. Jithesh , Ranjeev Misra , Gulab C Dewangan , Rathin Sarma , Amit Pathak

We revisit black hole mass estimates for high-redshift broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) discovered with JWST by jointly analysing their broad emission lines and their systematic non-detections in deep Chandra imaging. Building upon…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-27 Alessandro Trinca , Alessandro Lupi , Francesco Haardt , Piero Madau

We present measurements of the coronae of two AGN from hard X-ray observations made with NuSTAR: ESO 103-035, a moderately to highly obscured source with significant reflection; and IGR 2124.7+5058, a radio-loud source with a very hard…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-17 D. J. K. Buisson , A. C. Fabian , A. M. Lohfink

We analyze observations obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory of bright Compton thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs), those with column densities in excess of 1.5 x 10^{24} cm^{-2} along the lines of sight. We therefore view the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-21 N. A. Levenson , T. M. Heckman , J. H. Krolik , K. A. Weaver , P. T. Zycki

It is widely believed that the primary X-ray emission of AGN is due to the Comptonisation of optical-UV photons from a hot electron corona, while the origin of the 'soft-excess' is still uncertain and matter of debate. A second…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-19 R. Middei , S. Bianchi , P. -O. Petrucci , F. Ursini , M. Cappi , B. De Marco , A. De Rosa , J. Malzac , A. Marinucci , G. Matt , G. Ponti , A. Tortosa

I present a review of X-ray and mid-IR surveys for Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). These are the most highly obscured sources having hydrogen column densities >1.5x10^24 cm-2. Key surveys in the local Universe are presented…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 I. Georgantopoulos

We present X-ray bolometric correction factors, $\kappa_{Bol}$ ($\equiv L_{Bol}/L_X$), for Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) with the aim of testing AGN torus models, probing orientation effects, and estimating the bolometric…

Heavily obscured accretion is believed to represent an important stage in the growth of supermassive black holes, and to play an important role in shaping the observed spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB). Hard X-ray (E$>$10 keV)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-29 C. Ricci , Y. Ueda , M. J. Koss , B. Trakhtenbrot , F. E. Bauer , P. Gandhi

The cosmic X-ray background (CXB) is dominated by the obscured and unobscured coronal light of active galactic nuclei (AGN). At energies below 10 keV, the CXB can be well explained by models taking into account the known AGN and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-03 Isaiah S. Cox , Núria Torres-Albà , Stefano Marchesi , Peter Boorman , Xiurui Zhao , Ross Silver , Marco Ajello , Indrani Pal

We analyze the Spitzer spectra of 140 active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected in the hard X-rays (14-195 keV) by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board Swift. This sample allows us to probe several orders of magnitude in black hole masses…

We present the 2-100 keV spectral analysis of 30 candidate Compton thick (CT-) active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected in the Swift-BAT 100-month survey. The average redshift of these objects is $\langle z\rangle\sim$0.03 and they all lie…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-21 Stefano Marchesi , Marco Ajello , Lea Marcotulli , Andrea Comastri , Giorgio Lanzuisi , Cristian Vignali

We estimate the abundance of Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) based on our joint model of X-ray and infrared backgrounds. At L_{rest 2-10 keV} > 10^42 erg/s, the CT AGN density predicted by our model is a few 10^-4 Mpc^-3…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yong Shi , George Helou , Lee Armus

The corona is an integral component of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which can produce the X-ray emission. However, many of its physical properties and the mechanisms powering this emission remain a mystery. In this work, we study the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-08 Haiyun Zhang , Dahai Yan , Li Zhang , Niansheng Tang

Non-jetted AGN exhibit hard X-ray emission with a power law spectrum above $\sim$2 keV, which is thought to be produced through Comptonization of soft photons by electrons and positrons (pairs) in the vicinity of the black hole. The origin…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Despina Karavola , Maria Petropoulou , Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi

X-ray surveys provide the most efficient means for the detection of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). However, they face difficulties in detecting the most heavily obscured Compton-thick AGN. The BAT detector on board the Gehrels/Swift mission,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-25 A. Akylas , I. Georgantopoulos , P. Gandhi , P. Boorman , C. L. Greenwell

Most of the action in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) occurs within a few tens of gravitational radii from the supermassive black hole, where matter in the accretion disk may lose up to almost half of its energy with a copious production of…

A simple model for the X-ray weakness of JWST-selected broad-line AGNs is proposed under the assumption that the majority of these sources are fed at super-Eddington accretion rates. In these conditions, the hot inner corona above the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-12 Piero Madau , Francesco Haardt

A long-standing question in active galactic nucleus (AGN) research is how the corona is heated up to produce X-ray radiation much stronger than that arising from the viscous heating within the corona. In this paper, we carry out detailed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-05 Huaqing Cheng , B. F. Liu , Jieying Liu , Zhu Liu , Erlin Qiao , Weimin Yuan

We combine data from two all-sky surveys in order to study the connection between the infrared and hard X-ray (>10keV) properties for local active galactic nuclei (AGN). The Swift/Burst Alert Telescope all-sky survey provides an unbiased,…

We present an analysis of a ~160 ks NuSTAR observation of the nearby bright Seyfert galaxy IC4329A. The high-quality broadband spectrum enables us to separate the effects of distant reflection from the direct coronal continuum, and to…