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Continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems provide a versatile platform for quantum information processing, in which quantum states can be represented in the quadrature phase space. In realistic implementations, environmental noise, primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Jingpeng Zhang , Shengyong Li , Jie Han , Qianchuan Zhao , Jing Zhang , Zeliang Xiang

At the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning, quantum machine learning (QML) is poised to revolutionize artificial intelligence. However, the vulnerability of the current generation of quantum computers to noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Eromanga Adermann , Haiyue Kang , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

We present a new quantum error mitigation technique (QEM), called GUiding Extrapolations from Symmetry decayS (GUESS), which exploits Hamiltonian symmetries to improve accuracy of noisy quantum computations. This method is explicitly…

Quantum error mitigation(QEM), an error suppression strategy without the need for additional ancilla qubits for noisy intermediate-scale quantum~(NISQ) devices, presents a promising avenue for realizing quantum speedups of quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Ke Wang , Xiantao Li

Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maksym Prodius , Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

Quantum error mitigation has been proposed as a means to combat unwanted and unavoidable errors in near-term quantum computing without the heavy resource overheads required by fault tolerant schemes. Recently, error mitigation has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Yihui Quek , Daniel Stilck França , Sumeet Khatri , Johannes Jakob Meyer , Jens Eisert

The robustness of quantum memory against physical noises is measured by two methods: the exact and approximate quantum error correction (QEC) conditions for error recoverability, and the decoder-dependent error threshold which assesses if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

Quantum Error Mitigation (EM) is a collection of strategies to reduce errors on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices on which proper quantum error correction is not feasible. One of such strategies aimed at mitigating noise…

Recent experimental breakthroughs have signalled the imminent arrival of the early fault-tolerant era. However, for a considerable period in the foreseeable future, relying solely on quantum error correction for full error suppression will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Kecheng Liu , Zhenyu Cai

Partial quantum error correction and quantum error mitigation are expected to coexist in the pre-fault-tolerant regime, yet the resource advantage of combining them remains insufficiently quantified. We study zero-noise extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 D. V. Babukhin , W. V. Pogosov

Quantum error mitigation, a data processing technique for recovering the statistics of target processes from their noisy version, is a crucial task for near-term quantum technologies. Most existing methods require prior knowledge of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Manwen Liao , Yan Zhu , Giulio Chiribella , Yuxiang Yang

Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) represent a promising direction within Quantum Machine Learning (QML), yet their realization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remains constrained by decoherence, gate imperfections,…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a class of promising techniques capable of reducing the computational error of variational quantum algorithms tailored for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

In the emergent realm of quantum computing, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) stands out as a promising algorithm for solving complex quantum problems, especially in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Subhasree Bhattacharjee , Soumyadip Sarkar , Kunal Das , Bikramjit Sarkar

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential element of physical quantum information processing systems. Most QEC efforts focus on extending classical error correction schemes to the quantum regime. The input to a noisy system is embedded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew S. Fletcher , Peter W. Shor , Moe Z. Win

Until fault-tolerance becomes implementable at scale, quantum computing will heavily rely on noise mitigation techniques. While methods such as zero noise extrapolation with probabilistic error amplification (ZNE-PEA) and probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Sergei Filippov , Matea Leahy , Matteo A. C. Rossi , Guillermo García-Pérez

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. Practical implementations of these algorithms, despite offering certain levels of robustness against systematic errors, show a decline…

Error mitigation is an essential component of achieving a practical quantum advantage in the near term, and a number of different approaches have been proposed. In this work, we recognize that many state-of-the-art error mitigation methods…

The accumulation of noise in quantum computers is the dominant issue stymieing the push of quantum algorithms beyond their classical counterparts. We do not expect to be able to afford the overhead required for quantum error correction in…