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We describe and analyze a simple algorithm for principal component analysis and singular value decomposition, VR-PCA, which uses computationally cheap stochastic iterations, yet converges exponentially fast to the optimal solution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Ohad Shamir

Principal component analysis (PCA), the most popular dimension-reduction technique, has been used to analyze high-dimensional data in many areas. It discovers the homogeneity within the data and creates a reduced feature space to capture as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Daning Bi , Le Chang , Yanrong Yang

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA) is a pivotal tool in data analysis and dimensionality reduction. However, Sparse PCA is a challenging problem in both theory and practice: it is known to be NP-hard and current exact methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou , Yinglun Zhu

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

Recently years, the attempts on distilling mobile data into useful knowledge has been led to the deployment of machine learning algorithms at the network edge. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classic technique for extracting the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Zezhong Zhang , Guangxu Zhu , Rui Wang , Vincent K. N. Lau , Kaibin Huang

We introduce a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)--Bayesian framework for extracting chemical freeze-out conditions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions that resolves long-standing ambiguities in hadron-ratio--based analyses. By…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-20 Nachiketa Sarkar

We analyze the Accelerated Noisy Power Method, an algorithm for Principal Component Analysis in the setting where only inexact matrix-vector products are available, which can arise for instance in decentralized PCA. While previous works…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Pierre Aguié , Mathieu Even , Laurent Massoulié

We examine the problem of approximating a positive, semidefinite matrix $\Sigma$ by a dyad $xx^T$, with a penalty on the cardinality of the vector $x$. This problem arises in sparse principal component analysis, where a decomposition of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Laurent El Ghaoui

Mining useful clusters from high dimensional data has received significant attention of the computer vision and pattern recognition community in the recent years. Linear and non-linear dimensionality reduction has played an important role…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Nauman Shahid , Nathanael Perraudin , Vassilis Kalofolias , Gilles Puy , Pierre Vandergheynst

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is well known for its capability of dimension reduction and data compression. However, when using PCA for compressing/reconstructing images, images need to be recast to vectors. The vectorization of images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Liang Liao , Xuechun Zhang , Xinqiang Wang , Sen Lin , Xin Liu

Modern empirical analysis often relies on high-dimensional panel datasets with non-negligible cross-sectional and time-series correlations. Factor models are natural for capturing such dependencies. A tensor factor model describes the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-03-10 Andrii Babii , Eric Ghysels , Junsu Pan

We consider principal component analysis (PCA) in decomposable Gaussian graphical models. We exploit the prior information in these models in order to distribute its computation. For this purpose, we reformulate the problem in the sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-13 Ami Wiesel , Alfred O. Hero

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique commonly used in multivariate data analysis. However, PCA can be difficult to interpret and explain since the principal components (PCs) are linear combinations of the original…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-12-24 W. Liu , H. Zhang , D. Tao , Y. Wang , K. Lu

Sparse Principal Components Analysis aims to find principal components with few non-zero loadings. We derive such sparse solutions by adding a genuine sparsity requirement to the original Principal Components Analysis (PCA) objective…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-19 Giovanni Maria Merola

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been a prominent tool for high-dimensional data analysis. Online algorithms that estimate the principal component by processing streaming data are of tremendous practical and theoretical interests.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-09 Chris Junchi Li , Mengdi Wang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a method for estimating a subspace given noisy samples. It is useful in a variety of problems ranging from dimensionality reduction to anomaly detection and the visualization of high dimensional data.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-14 David Hong , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

Establishing a low-dimensional representation of the data leads to efficient data learning strategies. In many cases, the reduced dimension needs to be explicitly stated and estimated from the data. We explore the estimation of dimension in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-10 Wei Q. Deng , Radu V. Craiu

Principal components computed via PCA (principal component analysis) are traditionally used to reduce dimensionality in genomic data or to correct for population stratification. In this paper, we explore the penalized eigenvalue problem…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-04 Rebecca M. Hurwitz , Georg Hahn

Classical machine learning algorithms often face scalability bottlenecks when they are applied to large-scale data. Such algorithms were designed to work with small data that is assumed to fit in the memory of one machine. In this report,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Tarek Elgamal , Mohamed Hefeeda

Methods for supervised principal component analysis (SPCA) aim to incorporate label information into principal component analysis (PCA), so that the extracted features are more useful for a prediction task of interest. Prior work on SPCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-18 Alexander Ritchie , Laura Balzano , Daniel Kessler , Chandra S. Sripada , Clayton Scott
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