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In recent decades, Machine Learning (ML) has become extremely important for many computing applications. The pervasiveness of ultra-low-power embedded devices such as ESP32 or ESP32 Cam with tiny Machine Learning (tinyML) applications will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Md Ziaul Haque Zim

Autonomous nano-drones (~10 cm in diameter), thanks to their ultra-low power TinyML-based brains, are capable of coping with real-world environments. However, due to their simplified sensors and compute units, they are still far from the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Luca Crupi , Elia Cereda , Daniele Palossi

Autonomous navigation in unknown environments requires multi-scale spatial understanding that captures geometric details, topological connectivity, and global structure to support high-level decision making under partial observability.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Kuankuan Sima , Longbin Tang , Zhenyu Yang , Haozhe Ma , Lin Zhao

Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

Running deep neural networks on microcontroller units (MCUs) is severely constrained by limited memory resources. While TinyML techniques reduce model size and computation, they often fail in practice due to excessive peak Random Access…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junyu Lu , Shashwath Suresh , Hao Liu , Qi Hong , Qing Wang

In daily life, people often move through spaces to find objects that meet their needs, posing a key challenge in embodied AI. Traditional Demand-Driven Navigation (DDN) handles one need at a time but does not reflect the complexity of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Shanshan Li , Da Huang , Yu He , Yanwei Fu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Xiangyang Xue

Nano-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are ideal candidates for flying Internet-of-Things smart sensors to collect information in narrow spaces. This requires ultra-fast navigation under very tight memory/computation constraints. The…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-18 Lorenzo Lamberti , Lorenzo Bellone , Luka Macan , Enrico Natalizio , Francesco Conti , Daniele Palossi , Luca Benini

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to perform extremely well at a variety of tasks including subtasks of autonomous driving such as image segmentation and object classification. However, networks designed for these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yiqi Hou , Sascha Hornauer , Karl Zipser

Autonomous systems deployed on edge devices face significant challenges, including resource constraints, real-time processing demands, and adapting to dynamic environments. This work introduces ATLASv2, a novel system that integrates a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Mikolaj Walczak , Uttej Kallakuri , Tinoosh Mohsenin

This paper presents a novel event-based eye-tracking system deployed on a resource-constrained microcontroller, addressing the challenges of real-time, low-latency, and low-power performance in embedded systems. The system leverages a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Marco Giordano , Pietro Bonazzi , Luca Benini , Michele Magno

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly applied in autonomous driving for unified perception and reasoning, but high inference latency hinders real-time deployment. Early-exit reduces latency by terminating inference at intermediate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Haibo Hu , Lianming Huang , Xinyu Wang , Yufei Cui , Shangyu Wu , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

TinyML is a novel area of machine learning that gained huge momentum in the last few years thanks to the ability to execute machine learning algorithms on tiny devices (such as Internet-of-Things or embedded systems). Interestingly,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Massimo Pavan , Gioele Mombelli , Francesco Sinacori , Manuel Roveri

While significant advances in deep learning has resulted in state-of-the-art performance across a large number of complex visual perception tasks, the widespread deployment of deep neural networks for TinyML applications involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Alexander Wong , Mahmoud Famouri , Mohammad Javad Shafiee

Autonomous driving applications have become increasingly relevant in the automotive industry due to their potential to enhance vehicle safety, efficiency, and user experience, thereby meeting the growing demand for sophisticated driving…

Fully-autonomous miniaturized robots (e.g., drones), with artificial intelligence (AI) based visual navigation capabilities are extremely challenging drivers of Internet-of-Things edge intelligence capabilities. Visual navigation based on…

Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on sensors such as camera and LiDAR, which provide real-time information about their surroundings for the tasks of perception, planning and control. Typically a LiDAR can only provide sparse point cloud…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 Lin Bai , Yiming Zhao , Mahdi Elhousni , Xinming Huang

We present DyNaVLM, an end-to-end vision-language navigation framework using Vision-Language Models (VLM). In contrast to prior methods constrained by fixed angular or distance intervals, our system empowers agents to freely select…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zihe Ji , Huangxuan Lin , Yue Gao

The advancement of technology has revolutionized the agricultural industry, transitioning it from labor-intensive farming practices to automated, AI-powered management systems. In recent years, more intelligent livestock monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Qianxue Zhang , Eiman Kanjo

Autonomous navigation for nano-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (nano-UAVs) is governed by extreme Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints (with the weight < 50 g and sub-100 mW onboard processor), distinguishing it fundamentally from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mahmud S. Zango , Jianglin Lan