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The quotient correlation is defined here as an alternative to Pearson's correlation that is more intuitive and flexible in cases where the tail behavior of data is important. It measures nonlinear dependence where the regular correlation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Zhengjun Zhang

The original development of Shapley values for prediction explanation relied on the assumption that the features being described were independent. If the features in reality are dependent this may lead to incorrect explanations. Hence,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-15 Kjersti Aas , Thomas Nagler , Martin Jullum , Anders Løland

The concept of independence plays a crucial role in probability theory and has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Numerous approaches have been proposed to test for independence; however, most of them address the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Bogdan Ćmiel , Bartłomiej Gibas

Handling highly dependent data is crucial in clinical trials, particularly in fields related to ophthalmology. Incorrectly specifying the dependency structure can lead to biased inferences. Traditionally, models rely on three fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Shuyi Liang , Takeshi Emura , Chang-Xing Ma , Yijing Xin , Xin-Wei Huang

This study outlines a comprehensive methodology utilizing copulas to discern inconsistencies in the behavior exhibited by pairs of financial assets. It introduces a robust approach to establishing the interrelationship between the returns…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-05 Alexander Shulzhenko

We propose the extension of Fr\'{e}chet-Hoeffding copula bounds for circular data. The copula is a powerful tool for describing the dependency of random variables. In two dimensions, the Fr\'{e}chet-Hoeffding upper (lower) bound indicates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Hiroaki Ogata

Following our previous work on copula-based nonsymmetric bivariate dependence measures, we propose a new set of conditions on nonsymmetric multivariate dependence measures which characterize both independence and complete dependence of one…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-04 Hui Li

Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors or matrices of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimensions. Unlike Pearson correlation, the population distance correlation coefficient is zero if and only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-19 Kontemeniotis Nikolaos , Vargiakakis Rafail , Tsagris Michail

Non-random sample selection is a commonplace amongst many empirical studies and it appears when an output variable of interest is available only for a restricted non-random sub-sample of data. We introduce an extension of the generalized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-18 M. Wojtyś , G. Marra

We study the weak convergence of conditional empirical copula processes, when the conditioning event has a nonzero probability. The validity of several bootstrap schemes is stated, including the exchangeable bootstrap. We define general -…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-24 Alexis Derumigny , Jean-David Fermanian

The estimation of dependencies between multiple variables is a central problem in the analysis of financial time series. A common approach is to express these dependencies in terms of a copula function. Typically the copula function is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-02 José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , James Robert Lloyd , Daniel Hernández-Lobato

Conditional independence (CI) is central to causal inference, feature selection, and graphical modeling, yet it is untestable in many settings without additional assumptions. Existing CI tests often rely on restrictive structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Alek Frohlich , Vladimir Kostic , Karim Lounici , Daniel Perazzo , Massimiliano Pontil

Copulas allow to learn marginal distributions separately from the multivariate dependence structure (copula) that links them together into a density function. Vine factorizations ease the learning of high-dimensional copulas by constructing…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-19 David Lopez-Paz , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Zoubin Ghahramani

Missing covariate data commonly occur in epidemiological and clinical research, and are often dealt with using multiple imputation (MI). Imputation of partially observed covariates is complicated if the substantive model is non-linear (e.g.…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-17 Jonathan W. Bartlett , Shaun R. Seaman , Ian R. White , James R. Carpenter

We consider the conditional randomization test as a way to account for covariate imbalance in randomized experiments. The test accounts for covariate imbalance by comparing the observed test statistic to the null distribution of the test…

A framework for quantifying dependence between random vectors is introduced. With the notion of a collapsing function, random vectors are summarized by single random variables, called collapsed random variables in the framework. Using this…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-12 Marius Hofert , Wayne Oldford , Avinash Prasad , Mu Zhu

Being the limits of copulas of componentwise maxima in independent random samples, extreme-value copulas can be considered to provide appropriate models for the dependence structure between rare events. Extreme-value copulas not only arise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-07 Gordon Gudendorf , Johan Segers

Copulas have now become ubiquitous statistical tools for describing, analysing and modelling dependence between random variables. Sklar's theorem, "the fundamental theorem of copulas", makes a clear distinction between the continuous case…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-12 Gery Geenens

An approach is proposed to determine structural shift in time-series assuming non-linear dependence of lagged values of dependent variable. Copulas are used to model non-linear dependence of time series components.

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-09-19 Henry Penikas

We develop a general variational inference method that preserves dependency among the latent variables. Our method uses copulas to augment the families of distributions used in mean-field and structured approximations. Copulas model the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-03 Dustin Tran , David M. Blei , Edoardo M. Airoldi