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This letter introduces a novel partitioning scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that simultaneously consider RIS identification and beamforming. The proposed scheme dynamicly and efficiently allocates RIS elements between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Yarkın Gevez , Aymen Khaleel , Ertugrul Basar

We consider an uplink multi-user scenario and investigate the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to optimize spatial multiplexing performance when a linear receiver is used. We study two different formulations of the problem,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-16 Mohamed A. ElMossallamy , Hongliang Zhang , Radwa Sultan , Karim G. Seddik , Lingyang Song , Geoffery Ye Li , Zhu Han

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced as arrays of nearly passive elements with software-tunable electromagnetic properties to dynamically manipulate the reflection/transmission of radio signals. Research works in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Mehdi Monemi , Mehdi Rasti , Arthur S. de Sena , Mohammad Amir Fallah , Matti Latva-Aho , Marco Di Renzo

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have attracted great attention as a potential beyond 5G technology. These surfaces consist of many passive elements of metamaterials whose impedance can be controllable to change the phase,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be employed in a cell-free system to create favorable propagation conditions from base stations (BSs) to users via configurable elements. However, prior works on RIS-aided cell-free system…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Xu Gan , Caijun Zhong , Chongwen Huang , Zhaohui Yang , Zhaoyang Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is one of the promising 6G technologies that allows the conversion of the wireless channel into an intelligent transmit entity by manipulating the impinging waves using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-01 I. Yildirim , A. Uyrus , E. Basar

A wireless communication system is studied that operates in the presence of multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). In particular, a multi-operator environment is considered where each operator utilizes an RIS to enhance its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Nikolaos I. Miridakis , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis , Panagiotis A. Karkazis , Helen C. Leligou , Petar Popovski

The concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) upgrades the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) paradigm by empowering its reflecting elements with positioning reconfigurability. This letter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Boyi Tang , Wen Chen , Chan-Byoung Chae

Until now, researchers in wireless communications have mainly focused their attention on slowly time-varying designs of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), where the spatial-phase gradient across the RIS is varied at the rate equal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Francesco Verde , Donatella Darsena , Vincenzo Galdi

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted significant attention as a recently proposed RIS architecture. Owing to its capability to amplify the incident signals, active RIS can mitigate the multiplicative fading effect…

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has recently emerged as a spectral- and cost-efficient approach for wireless communications systems. However, existing hand-engineered schemes for passive beamforming design and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Ly V. Nguyen , Thien Huynh-The , Duy H. N. Nguyen , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Markku Juntti

Recently there has been a flurry of research on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless networks to create smart radio environments. In a smart radio environment, surfaces are capable of manipulating the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Mohamed A. ElMossallamy , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Karim G. Seddik , Zhu Han , Geoffrey Ye Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technique employing metasurface to reflect the signal from the source node to the destination node. By smartly reconfiguring the electromagnetic (EM) properties of the metasurface and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Qi Gu , Dan Wu , Xin Su , Hanning Wang , Jingyuan Cui , Yifei Yuan

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have drawn considerable attention recently due to their controllable scattering elements that are able to direct electromagnetic waves into desirable directions. Although RISs share some…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Mohanad Obeed , Anas Chaaban

In this paper, we consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and model it by using multiport network theory. We first compare the representation of RIS by using $Z$-parameters and $S$-parameters, by proving their equivalence and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Andrea Abrardo , Alberto Toccafondi , Marco Di Renzo

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) has emerged as a promising evolution of RIS technology. By enabling interconnections between RIS elements, BD-RIS architectures offer greater flexibility in wave manipulation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Kangchun Zhao , Yijie Mao

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology for metasurfaces is ushering in a new paradigm for wireless communication systems. It provides an accessible way for controlling the interaction between electromagnetic waves with the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 P. H. C. de Souza , M. Khazaee , L. L. Mendes

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology for future wireless communication systems, enabling improved coverage in an energy efficient manner. RISs are usually metasurfaces, constituting of two-dimensional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Nir Shlezinger , Mohammadreza F. Imani , George C. Alexandropoulos

In this paper, we consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted two-way relay network, in which two users exchange information through the base station (BS) with the help of an RIS. By jointly designing the phase shifts at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jun Wang , Ying-Chang Liang , Jingon Joung , Xiaojun Yuan , Xinguo Wang

A key challenge facing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is channel state information acquisition. Passive RISs cannot generate pilot signals or process data, making rapid temporal changes in the channel problematic. Additionally,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Philippa A. Martin , Graeme K. Woodward