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In statistics, forecast uncertainty is often quantified using a specified statistical model, though such approaches may be vulnerable to model misspecification, selection bias, and limited finite-sample validity. While bootstrapping can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Han Lin Shang

Representative risk estimation is fundamental to clinical decision-making. However, risks are often estimated from non-representative epidemiologic studies, which usually underrepresent minorities. "Model-based" methods use population…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-12 Lingxiao Wang , Yan Li , Barry I. Graubard , Hormuzd A. Katki

MR imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool allowing to non-invasively visualize patient anatomy and pathology with high soft-tissue contrast. However, MRI acquisition is typically time-consuming, leading to patient discomfort and increased…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Jan Nikolas Morshuis , Matthias Hein , Christian F. Baumgartner

Longitudinal and high-dimensional measurements have become increasingly common in biomedical research. However, methods to predict survival outcomes using covariates that are both longitudinal and high-dimensional are currently missing. In…

Causal inference is best understood using potential outcomes. This use is particularly important in more complex settings, that is, observational studies or randomized experiments with complications such as noncompliance. The topic of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donald B. Rubin

Myocardial Infarction is a main cause of mortality globally, and accurate risk prediction is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Machine Learning techniques have shown promise in identifying high-risk patients and predicting outcomes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Ana Letícia Garcez Vicente , Roseval Donisete Malaquias Junior , Roseli A. F. Romero

In a well-calibrated risk prediction model, the average predicted probability is close to the true event rate for any given subgroup. Such models are reliable across heterogeneous populations and satisfy strong notions of algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Jean Feng , Alexej Gossmann , Romain Pirracchio , Nicholas Petrick , Gene Pennello , Berkman Sahiner

Numerous tutorials and research papers focus on methods in either survival analysis or causal inference, leaving common complications in medical studies unaddressed. In practice one must handle problems jointly, without the luxury of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-25 Camila Olarte Parra , Ingeborg Waernbaum , Staffan Schön , Els Goetghebeur

The focus of modern biomedical studies has gradually shifted to explanation and estimation of joint effects of high dimensional predictors on disease risks. Quantifying uncertainty in these estimates may provide valuable insight into…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-09 Zhe Fei , Yi Li

In the United States, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of deaths in males with a predicted 35,250 deaths in 2024. However, most diagnoses are non-lethal and deemed clinically insignificant which means that the patient will likely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Benjamin Ng , Chi-en Amy Tai , E. Zhixuan Zeng , Alexander Wong

When a model may be fitted separately to each individual statistical unit, inspection of the point estimates may help the statistician to understand between-individual variability and to identify possible relationships. However, some…

Background: When developing a clinical prediction model using time-to-event data, previous research focuses on the sample size to minimise overfitting and precisely estimate the overall risk. However, instability of individual-level risk…

In previous work by this author, the screening paradox - the loss of predictive power of screening tests over time $t$ - was mathematically formalized using Bayesian theory. Where $J$ is Youden's statistic, $b$ is the specificity of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Jacques Balayla

Managers, employers, policymakers, and others often seek to understand whether decisions are biased against certain groups. One popular analytic strategy is to estimate disparities after adjusting for observed covariates, typically with a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-29 Jongbin Jung , Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

In healthcare applications, predictive uncertainty has been used to assess predictive accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate that predictive uncertainty estimated by the current methods does not highly correlate with prediction error by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Shi Hu , Nicola Pezzotti , Max Welling

Patients with breast cancer tend to die from other diseases, so for studies that focus on breast cancer, a competing risks model is more appropriate. Considering subdistribution hazard ratio, which is used often, limited to model…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Zhiyin Yu , Zhaojin Li , Chengfeng Zhang , Yawen Hou , Derun Zhou , Zheng Chen

The improvement of mortality projection is a pivotal topic in the diverse branches related to insurance, demography, and public policy. Motivated by the thread of Lee-Carter related models, we propose a Bayesian model to estimate and…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-24 Zhen Liu , Xiaoqian Sun , Leping Liu , Yu-Bo Wang

Objective: In randomized clinical trials, prediction models can be used to explore the relationships between patients' variables (e.g., clinical, pathological, or lifestyle variables, and also biomarker or genomic data) and treatment effect…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-03 Elvire Roblin , Paul-Henry Cournède , Stefan Michiels

Multiple indications of disease progression found in a cancer patient by loco-regional relapse, distant metastasis and death. Early identification of these indications is necessary to change the treatment strategy. Biomarkers play an…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-23 Atanu Bhattacharjee , Gajendra K. Vishwakarma , Souvik Banerjee

Regression analyses based on transformations of cumulative incidence functions are often adopted when modeling and testing for treatment effects in clinical trial settings involving competing and semi-competing risks. Common frameworks…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-11 Alexandra Bühler , Richard J Cook , Jerald F Lawless