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The rapid increase in LLM ubiquity and scale levies unprecedented demands on computing infrastructure. These demands not only incur large compute and memory resources but also significant energy, yielding large operational and embodied…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yueying Li , Zhanqiu Hu , Esha Choukse , Rodrigo Fonseca , G. Edward Suh , Udit Gupta

Hybrid cloud provides an attractive solution to microservices for better resource elasticity. A subset of application components can be offloaded from the on-premises cluster to the cloud, where they can readily access additional resources.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ka-Ho Chow , Umesh Deshpande , Veera Deenadhayalan , Sangeetha Seshadri , Ling Liu

Recent improvements in energy efficiency and renewable energy integration have increased the relative importance of embodied carbon in data centers, motivating improved provisioning strategies. Conventional approaches primarily minimize…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shixin Ji , Zhuoping Yang , Xingzhen Chen , Alex K. Jones , Peipei Zhou

Microservices architecture has become the dominant architecture in cloud computing paradigm with its advantages of facilitating development, deployment, modularity and scalability. The workflow of microservices architecture is transparent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Kan Hu , Minxian Xu , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) is a growing cloud computing paradigm that is expected to reduce the user cost of service over traditional serverful approaches. However, the environmental impact of FaaS has not received much attention. We…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Sirui Qi , Hayden Moore , Ninad Hogade , Dejan Milojicic , Cullen Bash , Sudeep Pasricha

Due to the limited resource capacity of edge servers and the high purchase costs of edge resources, service providers are facing the new challenge of how to take full advantage of the constrained edge resources for Internet of Things (IoT)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Lujie Tang , Minxian Xu , Chengzhong Xu , Kejiang Ye

Autoscaling functions provide the foundation for achieving elasticity in the modern cloud computing paradigm. It enables dynamic provisioning or de-provisioning resources for cloud software services and applications without human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunyang Meng , Shijie Song , Haogang Tong , Maolin Pan , Yang Yu

Cloud applications are increasingly moving away from monolithic services to agile microservices-based deployments. However, efficient resource management for microservices poses a significant hurdle due to the sheer number of loosely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Md Rajib Hossen , Mohammad A. Islam , Kishwar Ahmed

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) such as ChatGPT, CoPilot, and Gemini have been widely adopted in different areas. As the use of LLMs continues to grow, many efforts have focused on reducing the massive training overheads of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hayden Moore , Sirui Qi , Ninad Hogade , Dejan Milojicic , Cullen Bash , Sudeep Pasricha

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

The rapid increase in computing demand and its corresponding energy consumption have focused attention on computing's impact on the climate and sustainability. Prior work proposes metrics that quantify computing's carbon footprint across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Noman Bashir , Varun Gohil , Anagha Belavadi , Mohammad Shahrad , David Irwin , Elsa Olivetti , Christina Delimitrou

This paper presents a theoretical discussion for environmentally-conscious job deployment and migration in cloud environments, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of resource provisioning while incorporating sustainability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Giulio Attenni , Novella Bartolini

Motivated by an imperative to reduce the carbon emissions of cloud data centers, this paper studies the online carbon-aware resource scaling problem with unknown job lengths (OCSU) and applies it to carbon-aware resource scaling for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Roozbeh Bostandoost , Adam Lechowicz , Walid A. Hanafy , Noman Bashir , Prashant Shenoy , Mohammad Hajiesmaili

The increasing demand for scalable, efficient resource management in hybrid cloud environments has led to the exploration of AI-driven approaches for dynamic resource allocation. This paper presents an AI-driven framework for resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Biman Barua , M. Shamim Kaiser

An increasing focus on the electricity use and carbon emissions associated with computing has lead to pledges by major cloud computing companies to lower their carbon footprint. Data centers have a unique ability to shift computing load…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-03 Julia Lindberg , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line A. Roald

Cloud providers usually offer diverse types of hardware for their users. Customers exploit this option to deploy cloud instances featuring GPUs, FPGAs, architectures other than x86 (e.g., ARM, IBM Power8), or featuring certain specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Isabelly Rocha , Christian Göttel , Pascal Felber , Marcelo Pasin , Romain Rouvoy , Valerio Schiavoni

Increasing demand for computing has lead to the development of large-scale, highly optimized data centers, which represent large loads in the electric power network. Many major computing and internet companies operate multiple data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-08 Julia Lindberg , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line Roald

Nowadays IoT applications consist of a collection of loosely coupled modules, namely microservices, that can be managed and placed in a heterogeneous environment consisting of private and public resources. It follows that distributing the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Valentino Armani , Francescomaria Faticanti , Silvio Cretti , Seungwoo Kum , Domenico Siracusa

Designing software compatible with cloud-based Microservice Architectures (MSAs) is vital due to the performance, scalability, and availability limitations. As the complexity of a system increases, it is subject to deprecation, difficulties…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Thakshila Imiya Mohottige , Artem Polyvyanyy , Rajkumar Buyya , Colin Fidge , Alistair Barros

The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew