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In this paper, we propose a novel DNN watermarking method that utilizes a learnable image transformation method with a secret key. The proposed method embeds a watermark pattern in a model by using learnable transformed images and allows us…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 MaungMaung AprilPyone , Hitoshi Kiya

The availability and accessibility of diffusion models (DMs) have significantly increased in recent years, making them a popular tool for analyzing and predicting the spread of information, behaviors, or phenomena through a population.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yugeng Liu , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

We present a novel technique for modulating the appearance frequency of a few tokens within a dataset for encoding an invisible watermark that can be used to protect ownership rights upon data. We develop optimal as well as fast heuristic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Devriş İşler , Elisa Cabana , Alvaro Garcia-Recuero , Georgia Koutrika , Nikolaos Laoutaris

This paper presents a new approach for embedding authentication information into image on printed materials based on optical projection technique. Our experimental setup consists of two parts, one is a common camera, and the other is a LCD…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Tan Yi-zhou , Liu Hai-bo , Huang Shui-hua , Sheng Ben-jian , Pan Zhong-ming

The current paper presents a robust watermarking method for still images, which uses the similarity of discrete wavelet transform and human visual system (HVS). The proposed scheme makes the use of pixel wise masking in order to make binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-12 V. H. Mankar , T. S. Das , S. Saha , S. K. Sarkar

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) distinguishes wireless devices by the small variations in their analog circuits, avoiding heavy cryptographic authentication. While deep learning on spectrograms improves accuracy, models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Aarushi Mahajan , Wayne Burleson

Recent years have seen a surge in interest in digital content watermarking techniques, driven by the proliferation of generative models and increased legal pressure. With an ever-growing percentage of AI-generated content available online,…

Diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated advantageous potential on generative tasks. Widespread interest exists in incorporating DMs into downstream applications, such as producing or editing photorealistic images. However, practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

Digital watermarking system is a paramount for safeguarding valuable resources and information. Digital watermarks are generally imperceptible to the human eye and ear. Digital watermark can be used in video, audio and digital images for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-30 Md. Selim Reza , Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan , Md. Golam Robiul Alam , Serajul Islam

Training a high-performance deep neural network requires large amounts of data and computational resources. Protecting the intellectual property (IP) and commercial ownership of a deep model is challenging yet increasingly crucial. A major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shuyang Yu , Junyuan Hong , Haobo Zhang , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

Ethical concerns surrounding copyright protection and inappropriate content generation pose challenges for the practical implementation of diffusion models. One effective solution involves watermarking the generated images. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zijin Yang , Kai Zeng , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

We consider the emerging problem of identifying the presence and use of watermarking schemes in widely used, publicly hosted, closed source large language models (LLMs). We introduce a suite of baseline algorithms for identifying watermarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Leonard Tang , Gavin Uberti , Tom Shlomi

This paper presents a robust and transparent scheme of watermarking that exploits the human visual systems' sensitivity to frequency, along with local image characteristics obtained from the spatial domain. The underlying idea is generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Arvind Parthasarathy

Copyright protection for deep neural networks (DNNs) is an urgent need for AI corporations. To trace illegally distributed model copies, DNN watermarking is an emerging technique for embedding and verifying secret identity messages in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yifan Yan , Xudong Pan , Mi Zhang , Min Yang

The rapid development of deep learning has benefited from the release of some high-quality open-sourced datasets ($e.g.$, ImageNet), which allows researchers to easily verify the effectiveness of their algorithms. Almost all existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Yiming Li , Ziqi Zhang , Jiawang Bai , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Watermarking has recently emerged as a crucial tool for protecting the intellectual property of generative models and for distinguishing AI-generated content from human-generated data. Despite its practical success, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Hengzhi He , Shirong Xu , Alexander Nemecek , Jiping Li , Erman Ayday , Guang Cheng

Visual Prompt Learning (VPL) differs from traditional fine-tuning methods in reducing significant resource consumption by avoiding updating pre-trained model parameters. Instead, it focuses on learning an input perturbation, a visual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Huali Ren , Anli Yan , Chong-zhi Gao , Hongyang Yan , Zhenxin Zhang , Jin Li

Increasing production and exchange of multimedia content has increased the need for better protection of copyright by means of watermarking. Different methods have been proposed to satisfy the tradeoff between imperceptibility and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Majid Mohrekesh , Shekoofeh Azizi , Shahram Shirani , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Due to the wide use of highly-valuable and large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs), it becomes crucial to protect the intellectual property of DNNs so that the ownership of disputed or stolen DNNs can be verified. Most existing solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Peizhuo Lv , Pan Li , Shengzhi Zhang , Kai Chen , Ruigang Liang , Yue Zhao , Yingjiu Li

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar