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Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

With the significant advances in deep generative models for image and video synthesis, Deepfakes and manipulated media have raised severe societal concerns. Conventional machine learning classifiers for deepfake detection often fail to cope…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aakash Varma Nadimpalli , Ajita Rattani

As the quality of image generators continues to improve, deepfakes become a topic of considerable societal debate. Image watermarking allows responsible model owners to detect and label their AI-generated content, which can mitigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kasra Arabi , Benjamin Feuer , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Franziska Boenisch

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Digital watermarking has shown its effectiveness in protecting multimedia content. However, existing watermarking is predominantly tailored for specific media types, rendering them less effective for the protection of content displayed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xiujian Liang , Gaozhi Liu , Yichao Si , Xiaoxiao Hu , Zhenxing Qian

Watermarking of deep neural networks (DNNs) has gained significant traction in recent years, with numerous (watermarking) strategies being proposed as mechanisms that can help verify the ownership of a DNN in scenarios where these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Giulio Pagnotta , Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Luigi V. Mancini

Ownership verification is currently the most critical and widely adopted post-hoc method to safeguard model copyright. In general, model owners exploit it to identify whether a given suspicious third-party model is stolen from them by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Yiling He , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

This work introduces \textbf{VideoMark}, a distortion-free robust watermarking framework for video diffusion models. As diffusion models excel in generating realistic videos, reliable content attribution is increasingly critical. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuming Hu , Hanqian Li , Jungang Li , Yu Huang , Shuliang Liu , Qi Zheng , Junhao Chen , Aiwei Liu

As machine- and AI-generated content proliferates, protecting the intellectual property of generative models has become imperative, yet verifying data ownership poses formidable challenges, particularly in cases of unauthorized reuse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Aditya Desu , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Wei Lu

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have established themselves as powerful tools in the rapidly evolving field of image generation, capable of producing highly realistic images. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhonghao Yang , Linye Lyu , Xuanhang Chang , Daojing He , YU LI

The intellectual property (IP) of Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily ``stolen'' by surrogate model attack. There has been significant progress in solutions to protect the IP of DNN models in classification tasks. However, little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

Typically, foundation models are hosted on cloud servers to meet the high demand for their services. However, this exposes them to security risks, as attackers can modify them after uploading to the cloud or transferring from a local…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhaoxia Yin , Heng Yin , Hang Su , Xinpeng Zhang , Zhenzhe Gao

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

By and large, existing Intellectual Property (IP) protection on deep neural networks typically i) focus on image classification task only, and ii) follow a standard digital watermarking framework that was conventionally used to protect the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Jian Han Lim , Chee Seng Chan , Kam Woh Ng , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

We study multi-bit watermarking for data generated by stochastic processes, where a hidden message is embedded during sampling and must be decodable by an authorized detector that possesses side information unavailable to unauthorized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Zhuoer Shen , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

Watermarking the outputs of generative models is a crucial technique for tracing copyright and preventing potential harm from AI-generated content. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique called Tree-Ring Watermarking that robustly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yuxin Wen , John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Invisible watermarking of AI-generated images can help with copyright protection, enabling detection and identification of AI-generated media. In this work, we present a novel approach to watermark images of T2I Latent Diffusion Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Mingzhen Huang , Vishal Asnani , Shruti Agarwal , Siwei Lyu , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande

State-of-the-art text-to-image models generate photorealistic images at an unprecedented speed. This work focuses on models that operate in a bitwise autoregressive manner over a discrete set of tokens that is practically infinite in size.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Louis Kerner , Michel Meintz , Bihe Zhao , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic
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