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The fusion of cognitive radio (CR) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), enabled by stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs), offers a promising path for multi-functional programmable front ends in 6G and beyond. In this paper we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Alireza Fadakar , Andreas F. Molisch

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) are capable of emulating reconfigurable physical neural networks by relying on electromagnetic (EM) waves as carriers. They can also perform various complex computational and signal processing tasks. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Lajos Hanzo

The sixth-generation and beyond (B6G) networks are envisioned to support advanced applications that demand high-speed communication, high-precision sensing, and high-performance computing. To underpin this multi-functional evolution,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xu Gan , Xidong Mu , Yuanwei Liu , Marco Di Renzo , Josep Miquel Jornet , Nuria González Prelcic , Arman Shojaeifard , Tie Jun Cui

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) is a revolutionary technology, which can outperform its single-layer counterparts by performing advanced signal processing relying on wave propagation. In this work, we exploit SIM to enable transmit…

Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to the conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of the receiving array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Merouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Lajos Hanzo

A flexible intelligent metasurface (FIM) is composed of an array of low-cost radiating elements, each of which can independently radiate electromagnetic signals and flexibly adjust its position through a 3D surface-morphing process. In our…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Lajos Hanzo

To improve the efficiency of scarce radio-frequency (RF) resources in next-generation wireless systems, an intelligent transceiver architecture based on stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) has recently emerged, where multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Muhammad Ibrahim , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Flexible intelligent metasurfaces (FIMs) show great potential for improving the wireless network capacity in an energy-efficient manner. An FIM is a soft array consisting of several low-cost radiating elements. Each element can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiancheng An , Zhu Han , Dusit Niyato , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Conventional digital beamforming for wideband multiuser orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) demands numerous power-hungry components, increasing hardware costs and complexity. By contrast, the stacked intelligent metasurfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Refractive metasurfaces (RMTSs) offer a promising solution to improve energy efficiency of wireless systems. To address the limitations of single-layer RMTS, stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs), which form the desired precoder and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-27 Maryam Rezvani , Raviraj Adve , Akram bin Sediq , Amr El-Keyi

The deployment of Extremely Large-Scale Antenna Arrays for 6G enables radiative near-field sensing but poses significant challenges in terms of hardware complexity and interference. Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIMs) address these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Andrea Abrardo , Bartoli Giulio

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Typical reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) implementations include metasurfaces with almost passive unit elements capable of reflecting their incident waves in controllable ways, enhancing wireless communications in a cost-effective…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Songjie Yang , Zihang Wan , Boyu Ning , Weidong Mei , Jiancheng An , Yonina C. Eldar , Chau Yuen

We investigate the achievable rate (AR) of a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM)-aided holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) system by jointly optimizing the SIM phase shifts and power allocation. Contrary to earlier studies…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Eduard E. Bahingayi , Nemanja Stefan Perović , Le-Nam Tran

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into future wireless communication systems offers promising capabilities in dynamic environment shaping and spectrum efficiency. In this work, we present a consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Ivan Iudice , Giacinto Gelli , Donatella Darsena

Flexible intelligent metasurface (FIM) has emerged as a transformative technology to enhance wireless sensing by dynamically morphing its three-dimensional (3D) surface shape and electromagnetic response. Unlike conventional rigid arrays,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zihao Teng , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Zhu Han

This paper investigates a Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) system. An extended target model is considered, where the BS aims to estimate the complete target response matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ziqing Wang , Hongzheng Liu , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Kai Wan , Xuewen Qian , Marco Di Renzo , Robert Caiming Qiu

This paper investigates a downlink multiuser multiple-input single-output system that integrates rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) with a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) to enable wave-domain beamforming. Unlike conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Abdullah Quran , Shimaa Naser , Maryam Tariq , Omar Alhussein , Sami Muhaidat

To further suppress the inherent self-interference (SI) in co-frequency and co-time full-duplex (CCFD) systems, we propose integrating a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) into the RF front-end to enhance signal processing in the wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Yida Zhang , Qiuyan Liu , Yuqi Xia , Guoxu Xia , Qiang Wang

This paper proposes a transmit beamforming strategy for the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems enabled by the novel stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) architecture, where the base station (BS) simultaneously performs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Shunyu Li , Fan Zhang , Tianqi Mao , Rui Na , Zhaocheng Wang , George K. Karagiannidis