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Self-testing is a powerful certification of quantum systems relying on measured, classical statistics. This paper considers self-testing in bipartite Bell scenarios with small number of inputs and outputs, but with quantum states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Jurij Volčič

We present a method to certify the entanglement of all bipartite entangled quantum states in a device-independent way. This is achieved by placing the state in a quantum network and constructing a correlation inequality based on an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-04 Joseph Bowles , Ivan Šupić , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín

Recently, a novel framework for semi-device-independent quantum prepare-and-measure protocols has been proposed, based on the assumption of a limited distinguishability between the prepared quantum states. Here, we discuss the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Weixu Shi , Yu Cai , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Hugo Zbinden , Nicolas Brunner

Quantum communication with systems of dimension larger than two provides advantages in information processing tasks. Examples include higher rates of key distribution and random number generation. The main disadvantage of using such…

Certifying maximal quantum randomness without assumptions about system dimension remains a pivotal challenge for secure communication and foundational studies. Here, we introduce a generalized framework to directly certify maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Tianqi Zheng , Yi Li , Yu Xiang , Qiongyi He

We present a scheme for quantum random-number generation from an untrusted measurement device and a trusted source and demonstrate it experimentally. No assumptions about noise or imperfections in the measurement are required, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Kieran Neil Wilkinson , Casper Ahl Breum , Tobias Gehring , Jonatan Bohr Brask

Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore be predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient to guarantee that an RNG is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner , Matthias Troyer

Self-testing protocols enable the certification of quantum systems in a device-independent manner, i.e. without knowledge of the inner workings of the quantum devices under test. Here, we demonstrate this high standard for characterization…

The emergence of quantum devices has raised a significant issue: how to certify the quantum properties of a device without placing trust in it. To characterise quantum states and measurements in a device-independent way, up to some degree…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shubhayan Sarkar , Alexandre C. Orthey, , Remigiusz Augusiak

Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Rodrigo Piera , Gianluca De Santis , Agustin Sanchez , Yury Kurochkin , James A. Grieve

Self-tested quantum information processing provides a means for doing useful information processing with untrusted quantum apparatus. Previous work was limited to performing computations and protocols in real Hilbert spaces, which is not a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Matthew McKague , Michele Mosca

The amount of intrinsic randomness that can be extracted from measurement on quantum systems depends on several factors: notably, the power given to the adversary and the level of characterization of the devices of the authorized partners.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-16 Yun Zhi Law , Le Phuc Thinh , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Valerio Scarani

The certification of quantum resources is a critical tool in the development of quantum information processing. In particular, quantum state verification is a fundamental building block for communication and computation applications,…

Self-testing enables the characterization of quantum systems with minimal assumptions on their internal working as such it represents the strongest form of certification for quantum systems. In the existing self-testing literature,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Ranendu Adhikary

Bell test is one of the most important tools in quantum information science. On the one hand, it enables fundamental test for the physics laws of nature, and on the other hand, it can be also applied in varieties of device independent tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-18 Xiao Yuan , Qi Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma

In order to guarantee the output of a quantum computation, we usually assume that the component devices are trusted. However, when the total computation process is large, it is not easy to guarantee the whole system when we have scaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Masahito Hayashi , Michal Hajdusek

In the seminal paper [Metger and Vidick, Quantum '21], they proposed a computational self-testing protocol for Bell states in a single quantum device. Their protocol relies on the fact that the target states are stabilizer states, and hence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Akihiro Mizutani , Yuki Takeuchi , Ryo Hiromasa , Yusuke Aikawa , Seiichiro Tani

Random numbers are indispensable for a variety of applications ranging from testing physics foundation to information encryption. In particular, nonlocality tests provide a strong evidence to our current understanding of nature -- quantum…

Semi-device independent (Semi-DI) quantum random number generators (QRNG) gained attention for security applications, offering an excellent trade-off between security and generation rate. This paper presents a proof-of-principle time-bin…

Reliable randomness is a core ingredient in algorithms and applications ranging from numerical simulations to statistical sampling and cryptography. The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum states can violate Bell inequalities,…