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AI's growing compute demand and new datacenter buildouts present major capacity and reliability challenges for the electricity grid, leading to multi-year interconnection delays for new datacenters and bottlenecking AI growth. To ease this…

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AI's exponential growth intensifies computational demands and energy challenges. While practitioners employ various optimization techniques, that we refer as "knobs" in this paper, to tune model efficiency, these are typically afterthoughts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Saurabhsingh Rajput , Mootez Saad , Tushar Sharma

The widespread use of AI services has raised concerns for its environmental sustainability, towards which recent studies have identified carbon emissions of AI inference as the major contributor. This paper introduces a framework for…

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The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven substantial investment in computational infrastructure, especially by cloud computing providers. Quantifying the energy footprint of this infrastructure requires models…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Imran Latif , Alex C. Newkirk , Matthew R. Carbone , Arslan Munir , Yuewei Lin , Jonathan Koomey , Xi Yu , Zhiuha Dong

Deep learning models have revolutionized various fields, from image recognition to natural language processing, by achieving unprecedented levels of accuracy. However, their increasing energy consumption has raised concerns about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Shreyank N Gowda , Xinyue Hao , Gen Li , Shashank Narayana Gowda , Xiaobo Jin , Laura Sevilla-Lara

Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in data center (DC) scale and power demand. AI workloads impose highly dynamic, difficult-to-forecast power profiles on the utility grid, creating reliability and stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-06 Sina Mohammadi , Wayne Wang , Marcus Chen I Wada , Rouzbeh Haghighi , Ali Hassan , Hualong Liu , Archit Bhatnagar , Ang Chen , Wencong Su

The energy demand of modern cloud services, particularly those related to generative AI, is increasing at an unprecedented pace. To date, carbon-aware computing strategies have primarily focused on batch process scheduling or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Philipp Wiesner , Dennis Grinwald , Philipp Weiß , Patrick Wilhelm , Ramin Khalili , Odej Kao

In response to the global need for sustainable energy, green technology may help fight climate change. Before green infrastructure to be easily integrated into the world's energy system, it needs upgrading. By improving energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Ishan Shivansh Bangroo

The electric power sector is a leading source of air pollutant emissions, impacting the public health of nearly every community. Although regulatory measures have reduced air pollutants, fossil fuels remain a significant component of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yejia Liu , Zhifeng Wu , Pengfei Li , Shaolei Ren

As large-scale AI models expand, training becomes costlier and sustaining progress grows harder. Classical scaling laws (e.g., Kaplan et al. (2020), Hoffmann et al. (2022)) predict training loss from a static compute budget yet neglect time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Chien-Ping Lu

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous prospects in all aspects of technology, including design. However, due to its heavy demand on resources, it is usually trained on large computing infrastructure and often made…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Sai Krishna Revanth Vuruma , Ashley Margetts , Jianhai Su , Faez Ahmed , Biplav Srivastava

We demonstrate progress on the deployment of two sets of technologies to support distribution grid operators integrating high shares of renewable energy sources, based on a market for trading local energy flexibilities. An…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-25 Bradley Eck , Francesco Fusco , Robert Gormally , Mark Purcell , Seshu Tirupathi

Creativity is a valuable human skill that has long been augmented through both analog and digital tools. Recent progress in generative AI, such as image generation, provides a disruptive technological solution to supporting human creativity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Daniel Hove Paludan , Julie Fredsgård , Kasper Patrick Bährentz , Ilhan Aslan , Niels van Berkel

The rapid growth of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced unprecedented computational demands, driving significant increases in the energy footprint of data centers. However, existing power consumption data is largely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Roberto Vercellino , Jared Willard , Gustavo Campos , Weslley da Silva Pereira , Olivia Hull , Matthew Selensky , Juliane Mueller

The technology industry promotes artificial intelligence (AI) as a key enabler to solve a vast number of problems, including the environmental crisis. However, when looking at the emissions of datacenters from worldwide service providers,…

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Green communications have always been a target for the information industry to alleviate energy overhead and reduce fossil fuel usage. In current 5G and future 6G era, there is no doubt that the volume of network infrastructure and the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Bomin Mao , Fengxiao Tang , Kawamoto Yuichi , Nei Kato

The growth of large-scale AI systems is increasingly constrained by infrastructure limits: power availability, thermal and water constraints, interconnect scaling, memory pressure, data-pipeline throughput, and rapidly escalating lifecycle…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-21 Qi He

The thought-provoking analogy between AI and electricity, made by computer scientist and entrepreneur Andrew Ng, summarizes the deep transformation that recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have triggered in the world. This…

An increasing amount of data is being injected into the network from IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Many of these applications, developed to improve society's quality of life, are latency-critical and inject large amounts of data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Patricia Arroba , Rajkumar Buyya , Román Cárdenas , José L. Risco-Martín , José M. Moya