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Fairness in Federated Learning (FL) is emerging as a critical factor driven by heterogeneous clients' constraints and balanced model performance across various scenarios. In this survey, we delineate a comprehensive classification of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Noorain Mukhtiar , Adnan Mahmood , Yipeng Zhou , Jian Yang , Jing Teng , Quan Z. Sheng

Federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-centric distributed learning framework, enabling model training on individual clients and central aggregation without necessitating data exchange. Nonetheless, FL implementations often suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rongyu Zhang , Yun Chen , Chenrui Wu , Fangxin Wang , Bo Li

Due to the advantages of leveraging unlabeled data and learning meaningful representations, semi-supervised learning and contrastive learning have been progressively combined to achieve better performances in popular applications with few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Bowen Tao , Lan Li , Xin-Chun Li , De-Chuan Zhan

Federated learning (FL) is a new paradigm for distributed machine learning that allows a global model to be trained across multiple clients without compromising their privacy. Although FL has demonstrated remarkable success in various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Haolin Wang , Xuefeng Liu , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jiaxing Shen

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm where clients collaboratively train a model while keeping their own data private. With an increasing scale of clients and models, FL encounters two key challenges, client drift due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jianhui Sun , Xidong Wu , Heng Huang , Aidong Zhang

Federated learning is a distributed and privacy-preserving approach to train a statistical model collaboratively from decentralized data of different parties. However, when datasets of participants are not independent and identically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Li Ju , Tianru Zhang , Salman Toor , Andreas Hellander

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising collaborative and secure paradigm for training a model from decentralized data without compromising privacy. Group fairness and client fairness are two dimensions of fairness that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Cong Su , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Hui Li , Qingzhong Li , Han Yu

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

Federated Learning is emerging as a privacy-preserving model training approach in distributed edge applications. As such, most edge deployments are heterogeneous in nature i.e., their sensing capabilities and environments vary across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Khotso Selialia , Yasra Chandio , Fatima M. Anwar

Federated Learning (FL) refers to learning a high quality global model based on decentralized data storage, without ever copying the raw data. A natural scenario arises with data created on mobile phones by the activity of their users.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Yihan Jiang , Jakub Konečný , Keith Rush , Sreeram Kannan

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning approach where nodes collaboratively train a global model. As more nodes participate in a round of FL, the effectiveness of individual model updates by nodes also diminishes. In this study, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Akash Dhasade , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Tuan-Anh Nguyen , Rafael Pires , Martijn de Vos

Active Learning (AL) techniques have proven to be highly effective in reducing data labeling costs across a range of machine learning tasks. Nevertheless, one known challenge of these methods is their potential to introduce unfairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Ricky Fajri , Akrati Saxena , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Federated Learning (FL) is a learning paradigm that protects privacy by keeping client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be difficult due to the diversity and heterogeneity of the learning system. Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongxin Guo , Tao Lin , Xiaoying Tang

Consider a sequential active learning problem where, at each round, an agent selects a batch of unlabeled data points, queries their labels and updates a binary classifier. While there exists a rich body of work on active learning in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Abbas Kazerouni , Qi Zhao , Jing Xie , Sandeep Tata , Marc Najork

Federated learning enables multiple actors to collaboratively train models without sharing private data. Existing algorithms are successful and well-justified in this task when the intended target domain, where the trained model will be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Edvin Listo Zec , Adam Breitholtz , Fredrik D. Johansson

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving data privacy. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of edge devices often leads to inconsistent performance of the globally trained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Lin Wang , Zhichao Wang , Ye Shi , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Xiaoying Tang

Active learning (AL) is a principled strategy to reduce annotation cost in data-hungry deep learning. However, existing AL algorithms focus almost exclusively on unimodal data, overlooking the substantial annotation burden in multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jiancheng Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

Active learning (AL) aims to enable training high performance classifiers with low annotation cost by predicting which subset of unlabelled instances would be most beneficial to label. The importance of AL has motivated extensive research,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Kunkun Pang , Mingzhi Dong , Yang Wu , Timothy Hospedales

Active learning (AL) is a learning paradigm where an active learner has to train a model (e.g., a classifier) which is in principal trained in a supervised way, but in AL it has to be done by means of a data set with initially unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Adrian Calma , Tobias Reitmaier , Bernhard Sick , Paul Lukowicz , Mark Embrechts
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