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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are used in state-of-the-art models in domains such as speech recognition, machine translation, and language modelling. Sparsity is a technique to reduce compute and memory requirements of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Sharan Narang , Eric Undersander , Gregory Diamos

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are reported to be overparametrized. The search for optimal (minimal) and sufficient architecture is an NP-hard problem as the hyperparameter space for possible network configurations is vast. Here, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Tin Barisin , Illia Horenko

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are crucial in various applications, but their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices poses challenges. This study presents the Sum-of-Products (SOP) units for convolution, which utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Muhammad Sohail Ibrahim , Muhammad Usman , Jeong-A Lee

Bit-level sparsity methods skip ineffectual zero-bit operations and are typically applicable within bit-serial deep learning accelerators. This type of sparsity at the bit-level is especially interesting because it is both orthogonal and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yuzong Chen , Jian Meng , Jae-sun Seo , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Computer vision often uses highly accurate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), but these deep learning models are associated with ever-increasing energy and computation requirements. Producing more energy-efficient CNNs often requires…

Modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are complex, encompassing millions of parameters. Their deployment exerts computational, storage and energy demands, particularly on embedded platforms. Existing approaches to prune or sparsify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Amir H. Ashouri , Tarek S. Abdelrahman , Alwyn Dos Remedios

N:M sparsity has received increasing attention due to its remarkable performance and latency trade-off compared with structured and unstructured sparsity. However, existing N:M sparsity methods do not differentiate the relative importance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jingyang Xiang , Siqi Li , Junhao Chen , Zhuangzhi Chen , Tianxin Huang , Linpeng Peng , Yong Liu

Training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) requires intense computations and high memory bandwidth. We find that bandwidth today is over-provisioned because most memory accesses in CNN training can be eliminated by rearranging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Sangkug Lym , Armand Behroozi , Wei Wen , Ge Li , Yongkee Kwon , Mattan Erez

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are computationally intensive and often accelerated using crossbar-based in-memory computing (IMC) architectures. However, large convolutional layers must be partitioned across multiple crossbars,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuai Dong , Junyi Yang , Ye Ke , Hongyang Shang , Arindam Basu

In this study, SoftReMish, a new activation function designed to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification tasks, is proposed. Using the MNIST dataset, a standard CNN architecture consisting of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mustafa Bayram Gücen

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) demonstrate excellent performance in various applications but have high computational complexity. Quantization is applied to reduce the latency and storage cost of CNNs. Among the quantization methods,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Shien Zhu , Luan H. K. Duong , Hui Chen , Di Liu , Weichen Liu

Verifying the robustness property of a general Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) network is an NP-complete problem [Katz, Barrett, Dill, Julian and Kochenderfer CAV17]. Although finding the exact minimum adversarial distortion is hard, giving a…

As deep neural networks (DNNs) see increased deployment on mobile and edge devices, optimizing model efficiency has become crucial. Mixed-precision quantization is widely favored, as it offers a superior balance between efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Seokho Han , Seoyeon Yoon , Jinhee Kim , Dongwei Wang , Kang Eun Jeon , Huanrui Yang , Jong Hwan Ko

A low-power precision-scalable processor for ConvNets or convolutional neural networks (CNN) is implemented in a 40nm technology. Its 256 parallel processing units achieve a peak 102GOPS running at 204MHz. To minimize energy consumption…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Bert Moons , Marian Verhelst

It has recently been observed that certain extremely simple feature encoding techniques are able to achieve state of the art performance on several standard image classification benchmarks including deep belief networks, convolutional nets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-08 Misha Denil , Nando de Freitas

Normalization methods improve both optimization and generalization of ConvNets. To further boost performance, the recently-proposed switchable normalization (SN) provides a new perspective for deep learning: it learns to select different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Wenqi Shao , Tianjian Meng , Jingyu Li , Ruimao Zhang , Yudian Li , Xiaogang Wang , Ping Luo

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most successful machine learning techniques for image, voice and video processing. CNNs require large amounts of processing capacity and memory bandwidth. Hardware accelerators have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-03 James Garland , David Gregg

Current transformer accelerators primarily focus on optimizing self-attention due to its quadratic complexity. However, this focus is less relevant for vision transformers with short token lengths, where the Feed-Forward Network (FFN) tends…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ching-Lin Hsiung , Tian-Sheuan Chang

This work is focused on the pruning of some convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and improving theirs efficiency on graphic processing units (GPU) by using a direct sparse algorithm. The Nvidia deep neural network (cuDnn) library is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Marcin Pietroń , Dominik Żurek

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have found widespread applications in tasks such as pattern recognition and image classification. However, hardware implementations of ANNs using conventional binary arithmetic units are computationally…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Ankit Mondal , Ankur Srivastava