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This paper introduces a general Lie group framework for modeling continuum soft robots, employing Cosserat rod theory combined with cumulative parameterization on the Lie group SE(3). This novel approach addresses limitations present in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lingxiao Xun , Benoît Rosa , Jérôme Szewczyk , Brahim Tamadazte

In this paper, we derive the continuous space-time equations of motion of a three-dimensional geometrically exact rod, or the Cosserat rod, incorporating planar cross-sectional deformation. We then adopt the Lie group variational integrator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Srishti Siddharth , Vivek Natarajan , Ravi N. Banavar

Cosserat rod theory is the popular approach to modeling ferromagnetic soft robots as 1-Dimensional (1D) slender structures in most applications, such as biomedical. However, recent soft robots designed for locomotion and manipulation often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mohammadjavad Javadi , Robin Chhabra

This paper presents a total Lagrangian mixed Petrov-Galerkin finite element formulation that provides a computationally efficient approach for analyzing Cosserat rods that is free of singularities and locking. To achieve a singularity-free…

Motivated by recent strain-limiting models for solids and biological fibers, we introduce the first intrinsic set of nonlinear constitutive relations, between the geometrically exact strains and the components of the contact force and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-09-23 K. R. Rajagopal , Casey Rodriguez

We propose a method for the description and simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of slender structures modeled as Cosserat rods. It is based on interpreting the strains and the generalized velocities of the cross sections as basic variables…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-10-11 G. G. Giusteri , E. Miglio , N. Parolini , M. Penati , R. Zambetti

Recently soft robotics has rapidly become a novel and promising area of research with many designs and applications due to their flexible and compliant structure. However, it is more difficult to derive the nonlinear dynamic model of such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Haihong Li , Lingxiao Xun , Gang Zheng

In this work, we compare the nodal and isogeometric spatial discretization schemes for the nonlinear formulation of shear- and torsion-free rods introduced in [1]. We investigate the resulting discrete solution space, the accuracy, and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Thi-Hoa Nguyen , Bruno A. Roccia , Dominik Schillinger , Cristian C. Gebhardt

Based on more than three decades of rod finite element theory, this publication unifies all the successful contributions found in literature and eradicates the arising drawbacks like loss of objectivity, locking, path-dependence and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Jonas Harsch , Simon Sailer , Simon R. Eugster

We consider a subsystem of the Special Cosserat Theory of Rods and construct an explicit form of its solution that depends on three arbitrary functions in (s,t) and three arbitrary functions in t. Assuming analyticity of the arbitrary…

The Cosserat solid is a theoretical model of a continuum whose elementary constituents are notional rigid bodies. Here we present a formulation of the mechanics of a Cosserat solid in the language of modern differential geometry and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Balázs Németh , Ronojoy Adhikari

In this paper, the modelling strategy of a Cosserat rod element (CRE) is addressed systematically for 3-dimensional dynamical analysis of slender structures. We employ the exact nonlinear kinematic relationships in the sense of Cosserat…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 D. Q. Cao , Dongsheng Liu , Charles H. -T. Wang

We present a new way to discretize a geometrically nonlinear elastic planar Cosserat shell. The kinematical model is similar to the general 6-parameter resultant shell model with drilling rotations. The discretization uses geodesic finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Oliver Sander , Patrizio Neff , Mircea Bîrsan

Rod-like metamaterials are the structures that are obtained by periodically assembling its microstructural unit (network of rods) in just one direction. In this work, we present a scheme for obtaining the nonlinear constitutive response of…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-13 Vinayak , Ajeet Kumar

We present a general approach to the bifurcation analysis of elastic frameworks with symmetry. While group-theoretic methods for bifurcation problems with symmetry are well known, their actual implementation in the context of elastic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Christelle J. Combescure , Timothy J. Healey , Jay Treacy

The application of the Petrov-Galerkin projection method in Cosserat rod finite element formulations offers significant advantages in simplifying the expressions within the discrete virtual work functionals. Moreover, it enables a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Jonas Harsch , Simon R. Eugster

We discuss how the shape of a special Cosserat rod can be represented as a path in the special Euclidean algebra. By shape we mean all those geometric features that are invariant under isometries of the three-dimensional ambient space. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-27 Giulio G. Giusteri , Eliot Fried

An energy-based modeling framework for the nonlinear dynamics of spatial Cosserat rods undergoing large displacements and rotations is proposed. The mixed formulation features independent displacement, velocity and stress variables and is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Philipp L. Kinon , Simon R. Eugster , Peter Betsch

This article proposes a mortar type finite element formulation for consistently embedding curved, slender beams, i.e. 1D Cosserat continua, into 3D solid volumes. A consistent 1D-3D coupling scheme for this problem type is proposed, which…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Ivo Steinbrecher , Alexander Popp , Christoph Meier

We introduce a new method, dubbed Geometric Structure-Preserving Interpolation ($\Gamma$-SPIN) to preserve physics-constraints inherent in the material parameter limits of the finite-strain Cosserat micropolar model. The method advocates to…

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