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NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

NVM-based systems are naturally fit candidates for incorporating periodic checkpointing (or snapshotting). This increases the reliability of the system, makes it more immune to power failures, and reduces wasted work in especially an HPC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Akshin Singh , Smruti R. Sarangi

Distributed storage systems typically maintain strong consistency between data nodes and metadata nodes by adopting ordered writes: 1) first installing data; 2) then updating metadata to make data visible.We propose SwitchDelta to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Junru Li , Qing Wang , Zhe Yang , Shuo Liu , Jiwu Shu , Youyou Lu

Hybrid Solid-State Drives (SSDs), which integrate several types of flash cells (e.g., single-level cell (SLC) and multiple-level cell (MLC)) in a single drive and enable them to convert between each other, are designed to deliver both high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qian Wei , Yi Li , Zehao Chen , Zhaoyan Shen , Dongxiao Yu , Bingzhe Li

NAND flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs), which are widely used from embedded systems to enterprise servers, are enhancing performance by exploiting the parallelism of NAND flash memories. To cope with the performance improvement of SSDs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Yeong-Jae Woo , Sang Lyul Min

Despite the fact that Solid State Disk (SSD) data storage media had offered a revolutionary property storages community, but the unavailability of a comprehensive allocation strategy in SSDs storage media, leads to consuming the available…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Jaafer Al-Sabateen , Saleh Ali Alomari , Putra Sumari

From hardware offloads like RDMA to software ones like eBPF, offloads are everywhere and their value is in performance. However, there is evidence that fully offloading -- even when feasible -- does not always give the expected speedups.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Georgia Fragkouli , Laurent Vanbever

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are a moving target for system designers: they are black boxes, their internals are undocumented, and their performance characteristics vary across models. There is no appropriate analytical model and experimenting…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-01-27 Niv Dayan , Martin Kjaer Svendsen , Matias Bjorling , Philippe Bonnet , Luc Bouganim

Scan-based operations, such as backstage compaction and value filtering, have emerged as the main bottleneck for LSM-Trees in supporting contemporary data-intensive applications. For slower external storage devices, such as HDD and SATA…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jianfeng Huang , Ziyao Wang , Lin Yuan , Jiajie Wen , Yihao Cao , Dongjing Miao , Yong Wang , Jiahao Zhang

As its price per bit drops, SSD is increasingly becoming the default storage medium for cloud application databases. However, it has not become the preferred storage medium for key-value caches, even though SSD offers more than 10x lower…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Assaf Eisenman , Asaf Cidon , Evgenya Pergament , Or Haimovich , Ryan Stutsman , Mohammad Alizadeh , Sachin Katti

The development of high-speed storage devices such as NVMe SSDs has shifted the primary I/O bottleneck from hardware to software. Modern database systems also rely on kernel-based I/O paths, where frequent system call invocations and…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hongsu Byun , Seungjae Lee , Honghyeon Yoo , Myoungjoon Kim , Sungyong Park

Modern mainstream persistent key-value storage engines utilize Log-Structured Merge tree (LSM-tree) based designs, optimizing read/write performance by leveraging sequential disk I/O. However, the advent of SSDs, with their significant…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jin Jiang , Dongsheng He , Yu Hu , Dong Liu , Chenfan Xiao , Hongxiao Bi , Yusong Zhang , Chaoqu Jiang , Zhijun Fu

This paper studies the design of B-tree that can take full advantage of modern storage hardware with built-in transparent compression. Recent years have witnessed significant interest in applying log-structured merge tree (LSM-tree) as an…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Yifan Qiao , Xubin Chen , Ning Zheng , Jiangpeng Li , Yang Liu , Tong Zhang

Disk access latency and transfer times are often considered to have a major and detrimental impact on the running time of software. Developers are often advised to favour in-memory operations and minimise disk access. Furthermore, diskless…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Kamran Karimi , Diwakar Krishnamurthy , Parissa Mirjafari

Zoned Namespace (ZNS) SSDs offer a new storage model that allows for high throughput and low-latency storage by eliminating device-side garbage collection. The ZNS interface exposes storage as append-only zones, thus enforcing host…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Teona Bagashvili , Tarikul Islam Papon , Subhadeep Sarkar , Manos Athanassoulis

Resource utilization is one of the emerging problems in many-chip SSDs. In this paper, we propose Sprinkler, a novel device-level SSD controller, which targets maximizing resource utilization and achieving high performance without…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-05-15 Myoungsoo Jung , Mahmut T. Kandemir

The Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory (DCPM) is an attractive novel technology for building storage systems for data intensive HPC applications, as it provides lower cost per byte, low standby power and larger capacities than DRAM, with…

Log-Structured Merge-trees (LSM-trees) have been widely used in modern NoSQL systems. Due to their out-of-place update design, LSM-trees have introduced memory walls among the memory components of multiple LSM-trees and between the write…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Chen Luo , Michael J. Carey

The Big Data trend is putting strain on modern storage systems, which have to support high-performance I/O accesses for the large quantities of data. With the prevalent Von Neumann computing architecture, this data is constantly moved back…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Corne Lukken , Giulia Frascaria , Animesh Trivedi

With low latency, high throughput and enterprise-grade reliability, SSDs have become the de-facto choice for storage in the data center. As a result, SSDs are used in all online data stores in LinkedIn. These apps persist and serve critical…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Nikhil Khatri , Shirshendu Chakrabarti