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Multimodal Affective Computing (MAC) aims to recognize and interpret human emotions by integrating information from diverse modalities such as text, video, and audio. Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Miaosen Luo , Jiesen Long , Zequn Li , Yunying Yang , Yuncheng Jiang , Sijie Mai

Recent large audio language models (LALMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in processing extended multi-modal sequences, yet incur high inference costs. Token compression is an effective method that directly reduces redundant tokens in…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly grounded in sensor data to perceive and reason about human physiology and the physical world. However, accurately interpreting heterogeneous multimodal sensor data remains a fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hyungjun Yoon , Mohammad Malekzadeh , Sung-Ju Lee , Fahim Kawsar , Lorena Qendro

The rise of music large language models (LLMs) demands robust methods of evaluating output quality, especially in distinguishing high-quality compositions from "garbage music". Curiously, we observe that the standard cross-entropy loss -- a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaosha Li , Chun Liu , Ziyu Wang

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) models are a core component of voice assistants (VA), such as Alexa, Bixby, and Google Assistant. In this paper, we introduce a pipeline designed to extend SLU systems to new languages, utilizing Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Pawel Pawlowski , Marcin Skorupa , Marcin Sowański , Artur Janicki

Recent advancements in Large Speech-Language Models have significantly bridged the gap between acoustic signals and linguistic understanding. However, a persistent performance disparity remains in speech-based input tasks compared to direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ming-Hao Hsu , Xueyao Zhang , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Zhizheng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have delivered impressive results in language understanding, generation, reasoning, and pushes the ability boundary of multimodal models. Transformer models, as the foundation of modern LLMs, offer a strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Weigao Sun , Jiaxi Hu , Yucheng Zhou , Jusen Du , Disen Lan , Kexin Wang , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyu Mo , Daizong Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Wenliang Chen , Guoqi Li , Yu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

While large language models have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities, their extension to the audio modality, particularly within large audio-language models (LALMs), remains underexplored. Addressing this gap requires a systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingjian Diao , Chunhui Zhang , Keyi Kong , Weiyi Wu , Chiyu Ma , Zhongyu Ouyang , Peijun Qing , Soroush Vosoughi , Jiang Gui

Recent advancements in large language models, multimodal large language models, and large audio language models (LALMs) have significantly improved their reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with rule-based rewards.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shu Wu , Chenxing Li , Wenfu Wang , Hao Zhang , Hualei Wang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

In the deployment of large language models (LLMs), accurate confidence estimation is critical for assessing the credibility of model predictions. However, existing methods often fail to overcome the issue of overconfidence on incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Pei Wang , Yejie Wang , Muxi Diao , Keqing He , Guanting Dong , Weiran Xu

Large audio language models (LALMs) are a class of foundation models for audio understanding. Existing LALMs tend to degrade significantly in real-world noisy acoustic conditions where speech and non-speech sounds interfere. While…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Han Yin , Yang Xiao , Younghoo Kwon , Ting Dang , Jung-Woo Choi

Due to recent advancements in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) that demonstrate remarkable performance across a range of sound-, speech- and music-related tasks, there is a growing interest in proposing benchmarks to assess these models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Tianrui Wang , Haizhou Li

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in audio understanding and reasoning. However, their performance on fine grained auditory perception remains unreliable, and existing approaches largely rely on data…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Liyang Chen , Hongkai Chen , Yujun Cai , Sifan Li , Qingwen Ye , Yiwei Wang

Reliable and interpretable automated assessment of second-language (L2) speech remains a central challenge, as large speech-language models (SpeechLLMs) often struggle to align with the nuanced variability of human raters. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aditya Kamlesh Parikh , Cristian Tejedor-Garcia , Catia Cucchiarini , Helmer Strik

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced natural language processing capabilities, facilitating the development of AudioLLMs that process and understand speech and audio inputs alongside text.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wenyu Zhang , Shuo Sun , Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Zhuohan Liu , Yingxu He , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Speech understanding is essential for interpreting the diverse forms of information embedded in spoken language, including linguistic, paralinguistic, and non-linguistic cues that are vital for effective human-computer interaction. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Jing Peng , Yucheng Wang , Bohan Li , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Yangui Fang , Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xu Li , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multimodal tasks, without any multimodal finetuning. They are the building block for Large Multimodal Models, yet, we still lack a proper understanding of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit strong performance on standard video tasks, their ability to faithfully summarize and reason over complex narratives remains poorly evaluated. Existing summarization benchmarks fragment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mengqi Shi , Haopeng Zhang

The increasing global prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression and PTSD, requires objective and scalable diagnostic tools. Traditional clinical assessments often face limitations in accessibility, objectivity, and consistency.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-03 Abdelrahaman A. Hassan , Abdelrahman A. Ali , Aya E. Fouda , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda