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Aligned LLMs are secure, capable of recognizing and refusing to answer malicious questions. However, the role of internal parameters in maintaining such security is not well understood yet, further these models can be vulnerable to security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

Timely and effective vulnerability patching is essential for cybersecurity defense, for which various approaches have been proposed yet still struggle to generate valid and correct patches for real-world vulnerabilities. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yu Nong , Haoran Yang , Long Cheng , Hongxin Hu , Haipeng Cai

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping automated program repair. We present a unified taxonomy that groups 62 recent LLM-based repair systems into four paradigms defined by parameter adaptation and control authority over the repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Boyang Yang , Zijian Cai , Fengling Liu , Bach Le , Lingming Zhang , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Yang Liu , Haoye Tian

Software vulnerabilities pose critical security risks, demanding prompt and effective mitigation strategies. While advancements in Automated Program Repair (APR) have primarily targeted general software bugs, the domain of vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zanis Ali Khan , Aayush Garg , Yuejun Guo , Qiang Tang

Among areas of software engineering where AI techniques -- particularly, Large Language Models -- seem poised to yield dramatic improvements, an attractive candidate is Automatic Program Repair (APR), the production of satisfactory…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Li Huang , Ilgiz Mustafin , Marco Piccioni , Alessandro Schena , Reto Weber , Bertrand Meyer

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved decent results on automated program repair (APR). However, the next token prediction training objective of decoder-only LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) is misaligned with the masked span prediction objective of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Junjielong Xu , Ying Fu , Shin Hwei Tan , Pinjia He

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Techniques of Automatic Program Repair (APR) have the potential of thoroughly facilitating the task of producing quality software. After a promising start, however, progress in making APR practical has been hindered by the lack of a common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Bertrand Meyer , Viktoryia Kananchuk , Li Huang

API misuses often lead to software bugs, crashes, and vulnerabilities. While several API misuse detectors have been proposed, there are no automatic repair tools specifically designed for this purpose. In a recent study, test-suite-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Ting Zhang , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Ferdian Thung , David Lo , Asankhaya Sharma , Lingxiao Jiang

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to automatically generate patches for buggy programs. Recent APR work has been focused on leveraging modern Large Language Models (LLMs) to directly generate patches for APR. Such LLM-based APR tools work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

APR (Automated Program Repair) aims to automatically locate program defects, generate patches and validate the repairs. Existing techniques for APR are often combined with LLMs (Large Language Models), which leverages the code-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haichuan Hu , Xiaochen Xie , Quanjun Zhang

This research addresses the complex challenge of automated repair of code vulnerabilities, vital for enhancing digital security in an increasingly technology-driven world. The study introduces a novel and efficient format for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Eva Garcia-Lopez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Jose-Javier Martinez-Herraiz

Automated Program Repair (APR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for reducing debugging time and improving the overall efficiency of software development. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shunyu Liu , Guangdong Bai , Mark Utting , Guowei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools in software development, enabling automated code generation and analysis. However, their knowledge is limited to a fixed cutoff date, making them prone to generating code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Minjae Seo , Wonwoo Choi , Myoungsung You , Seungwon Shin

Compartmentalization is a form of defensive software design in which an application is broken down into isolated but communicating components. Retrofitting compartmentalization into existing applications is often thought to be expensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-22 John Alistair Kressel , Hugo Lefeuvre , Pierre Olivier

This paper presents a novel methodology for enhancing Automated Program Repair (APR) through synthetic data generation utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs). Current APR systems are constrained by the limited availability of high-quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

Automated Program Repair (APR) has evolved significantly with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). Fine-tuning LLMs for program repair is a recent avenue of research, with many dimensions which have not been explored. Existing work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 André Silva , Sen Fang , Martin Monperrus

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed task automation and content generation across various domains while incorporating safety filters to prevent misuse. We introduce a novel jailbreaking framework that employs distributed prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Johan Wahréus , Ahmed Hussain , Panos Papadimitratos

In recent years, Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques specifically designed for quantum programs have been proposed. However, existing approaches often suffer from low repair success rates or poor understandability of the generated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chihiro Yoshida , Yuta Ishimoto , Olivier Nourry , Masanari Kondo , Makoto Matsushita , Yasutaka Kamei , Yoshiki Higo