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Sequential learning in physical networks is hindered by catastrophic forgetting, where training a new task erases solutions to earlier ones. We show that we can significantly enhance memory of previous tasks by introducing a hard threshold…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-04 Purba Chatterjee , Marcelo Guzman , Andrea J. Liu

Continual learning -- the ability to acquire knowledge incrementally without forgetting previous skills -- is fundamental to natural intelligence. While the human brain excels at this, artificial neural networks struggle with "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aoi Otani

Catastrophic forgetting remains a central challenge in continual learning, where models are required to integrate new knowledge over time without losing what they have previously learned. In prior work, we introduced Cobweb/4V, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Nicki Barari , Edward Kim , Christopher MacLellan

In [7] Krotov and Hopfield suggest a generalized version of the well-known Hopfield model of associative memory. In their version they consider a polynomial interaction function and claim that this increases the storage capacity of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-03 Mete Demircigil , Judith Heusel , Matthias Löwe , Sven Upgang , Franck Vermet

In this work we introduce a multi-species generalization of the Hopfield model for associative memory, where neurons are divided into groups and both inter-groups and intra-groups pair-wise interactions are considered, with different…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-07-11 Elena Agliari , Danila Migliozzi , Daniele Tantari

In this paper, we consider the problem of fine-grained image retrieval in an incremental setting, when new categories are added over time. On the one hand, repeatedly training the representation on the extended dataset is time-consuming. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Wei Chen , Yu Liu , Weiping Wang , Tinne Tuytelaars , Erwin M. Bakker , Michael Lew

Catastrophic forgetting - the tendency of neural networks to forget previously learned data when learning new information - remains a central challenge in continual learning. In this work, we adopt a behavioral approach, observing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Guy Hacohen , Tinne Tuytelaars

We introduce an Outlier-Efficient Modern Hopfield Model (termed $\mathrm{OutEffHop}$) and use it to address the outlier inefficiency problem of {training} gigantic transformer-based models. Our main contribution is a novel associative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Pei-Hsuan Chang , Robin Luo , Hong-Yu Chen , Weijian Li , Wei-Po Wang , Han Liu

Continual learning seeks to enable machine learning systems to solve an increasing corpus of tasks sequentially. A critical challenge for continual learning is forgetting, where the performance on previously learned tasks decreases as new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yasaman Mahdaviyeh , James Lucas , Mengye Ren , Andreas S. Tolias , Richard Zemel , Toniann Pitassi

We present an algorithm to store binary memories in a Hopfield neural network using minimum probability flow, a recent technique to fit parameters in energy-based probabilistic models. In the case of memories without noise, our algorithm…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-21 Christopher Hillar , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Kilian Koepsell

Despite huge success, deep networks are unable to learn effectively in sequential multitask learning settings as they forget the past learned tasks after learning new tasks. Inspired from complementary learning systems theory, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Mohammad Rostami , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen K. Pilly

Scarcity of data and incremental learning of new tasks pose two major bottlenecks for many modern computer vision algorithms. The phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the model's inability to classify previously learned data after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sanchar Palit , Biplab Banerjee , Subhasis Chaudhuri

The Entropic Associative Memory holds objects in a 2D relation or ``memory plane'' using a finite table as the medium. Memory objects are stored by reinforcing simultaneously the cells used by the cue, implementing a form of Hebb's learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Rafael Morales , Luis A. Pineda

We develop of a line of work initiated by Curto and Itskov towards understanding the amount of information contained in the spike trains of hippocampal place cells via topology considerations. Previously, it was established that simply…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-21 Samir Chowdhury , Bowen Dai , Facundo Mémoli

According to the forgetting curve theory, we can enhance memory retention by learning extensive data and taking adequate rest. This means that in order to effectively retain new knowledge, it is essential to learn it thoroughly and ensure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hankyul Kang , Gregor Seifer , Donghyun Lee , Jongbin Ryu

Developmental amnesia, featured with severely impaired episodic memory and almost normal semantic memory, has been discovered to occur in children with hippocampal atrophy. This unique combination of characteristics seems to challenge the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-16 Qi Zhang

Learning new tasks and skills in succession without losing prior learning (i.e., catastrophic forgetting) is a computational challenge for both artificial and biological neural networks, yet artificial systems struggle to achieve parity…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Brian S. Robinson , Clare W. Lau , Alexander New , Shane M. Nichols , Erik C. Johnson , Michael Wolmetz , William G. Coon

We study a fully connected Hopfield-type associative memory network with online activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, where neural states and synaptic couplings coevolve during retrieval. Using the generating-functional formalism, we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-22 Yoshinori Hara , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

Deep learning models generally display catastrophic forgetting when learning new data continuously. Many incremental learning approaches address this problem by reusing data from previous tasks while learning new tasks. However, the direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Young Jo Choi , Min Kyoon Yoo , Yu Rang Park

Models trained on a new task typically degrade on prior tasks, a phenomenon known as forgetting. Traditionally, mitigating forgetting has required replaying stored exemplars from prior tasks, which is often impractical. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Martin Marek , Dongkyu Cho , Shikai Qiu , Rumi Chunara , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson