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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, yet evaluations focus primarily on task success rather than cultural appropriateness or evaluator reliability. We introduce LiveCultureBench, a multi-cultural,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Viet-Thanh Pham , Lizhen Qu , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

Recent works have shown that large language model (LLM) agents are able to improve themselves from experience, which is an important ability for continuous enhancement post-deployment. However, existing benchmarks primarily evaluate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Cheng-Kuang Wu , Zhi Rui Tam , Chieh-Yen Lin , Yun-Nung Chen , Hung-yi Lee

In large language model (LLM) agents, reasoning trajectories are treated as reliable internal beliefs for guiding actions and updating memory. However, coherent reasoning can still violate logical or evidential constraints, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenhao Yuan , Chenchen Lin , Jian Chen , Jinfeng Xu , Xuehe Wang , Edith Cheuk Han Ngai

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as autonomous agents, with promising capabilities in reasoning, tool use, and sequential decision-making. While prior benchmarks have evaluated LLM agents in various domains, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yanxu Chen , Zijun Yao , Yantao Liu , Amy Xin , Jin Ye , Jianing Yu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Safety evaluation of large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on LLM-as-a-judge pipelines, but strong judges can still be expensive to use at scale. We study whether structured multi-agent debate can improve judge reliability while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dachuan Lin , Guobin Shen , Zihao Yang , Tianrong Liu , Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of various AI conversational agents, including role-playing conversational agents that mimic diverse characters and human behaviors. While prior research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Hongzhan Chen , Hehong Chen , Ming Yan , Wenshen Xu , Xing Gao , Weizhou Shen , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

As the use of large language model (LLM) agents continues to grow, their safety vulnerabilities have become increasingly evident. Extensive benchmarks evaluate various aspects of LLM safety by defining the safety relying heavily on general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yeonjun In , Wonjoong Kim , Kanghoon Yoon , Sungchul Kim , Mehrab Tanjim , Sangwu Park , Kibum Kim , Chanyoung Park

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are widely used in real-world applications such as customer service, web navigation, and software engineering. As these systems become more autonomous and are deployed at scale, understanding why an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chen Qian , Peng Wang , Dongrui Liu , Junyao Yang , Dadi Guo , Ling Tang , Jilin Mei , Qihan Ren , Shuai Shao , Yong Liu , Jie Fu , Jing Shao , Xia Hu

Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for the development of autonomous agents under complex GUI tasks, but its scalability remains severely hampered by the verification of task completion. Existing task verification is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shaofei Cai , Yulei Qin , Haojia Lin , Zihan Xu , Gang Li , Yuchen Shi , Zongyi Li , Yong Mao , Siqi Cai , Xiaoyu Tan , Yitao Liang , Ke Li , Xing Sun

LLM-based agents are increasingly expected to handle real-world assistant tasks, yet existing benchmarks typically evaluate them under isolated sources of difficulty, such as a single environment or fully specified instructions. This leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiang Long , Li Du , Yilong Xu , Fangcheng Liu , Haoqing Wang , Ning Ding , Ziheng Li , Jianyuan Guo , Yehui Tang

Large Language Models for Simulating Professions (SP-LLMs), particularly as teachers, are pivotal for personalized education. However, ensuring their professional competence and ethical safety is a critical challenge, as existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yilin Jiang , Mingzi Zhang , Xuanyu Yin , Sheng Jin , Suyu Lu , Zuocan Ying , Zengyi Yu , Xiangjie Kong

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Language agents, built on top of language models (LMs), are systems that can interact with complex environments, such as the open web. In this work, we examine whether such agents can perform realistic and time-consuming tasks on the web,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ori Yoran , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Chaitanya Malaviya , Ben Bogin , Ofir Press , Jonathan Berant

The tendency to find and exploit "shortcuts" to complete tasks poses significant risks for reliable assessment and deployment of large language models (LLMs). For example, an LLM agent with access to unit tests may delete failing tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ziqian Zhong , Aditi Raghunathan , Nicholas Carlini

Numerous medical systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in diverse healthcare tasks. However, research on their medication safety remains limited due to the lack of real world datasets, constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahao Zhao , Luxin Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lichao Zhang , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

With the rise of personalized, persistent LLM agent frameworks such as OpenClaw, human-centered agentic social networks in which teams of collaborative AI agents serve individual users in a social network across multiple domains are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

In the current rapidly changing digital environment, businesses are under constant stress to ensure that their systems are secured. Security audits help to maintain a strong security posture by ensuring that policies are in place, controls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jia Hui Chin , Pu Zhang , Yu Xin Cheong , Jonathan Pan

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), increasing attention has been paid to their safety concerns. Consequently, evaluating the safety of LLMs has become an essential task for facilitating the broad applications of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhexin Zhang , Leqi Lei , Lindong Wu , Rui Sun , Yongkang Huang , Chong Long , Xiao Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

The rapid evolution and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in professional workflows require an evaluation of their domain-specific knowledge against industry standards. We introduceCyberCertBench, a new suite of Multiple Choice Question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gustav Keppler , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha