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The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer models remains a significant bottleneck for processing long sequences and deploying large language models efficiently. For this approach, there has been significant research into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Spandan Pratyush

The vanilla self-attention mechanism in Transformers can be viewed as a two-layer fast-weight MLP, whose weights are dynamically induced by inputs and whose hidden dimension is equal to the sequence length $N$. As the context extends, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qishuai Wen , Zhiyuan Huang , Xianghan Meng , Wei He , Chun-Guang Li

Many machine learning models use the manipulation of dimensions as a driving force to enable models to identify and learn important features in data. In the case of sequential data this manipulation usually happens on the token dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Daniel Biermann , Fabrizio Palumbo , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Vision Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many visual tasks. Due to the quadratic computational and memory complexities of self-attention, recent works either apply attention only to low-resolution inputs or restrict…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Cheng Li , Yangxin Liu

Efficient attentions have greatly improved the computational efficiency of Transformers. However, most existing linear attention mechanisms suffer from an \emph{efficiency degradation} problem, leading to inefficiencies in causal language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jun Zhang , Shuyang Jiang , Jiangtao Feng , Lin Zheng , Lingpeng Kong

While Transformer architecture excel at modeling long-range dependencies contributing to its widespread adoption in vision tasks the quadratic complexity of softmax-based attention mechanisms imposes a major bottleneck, particularly when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuan Cao , Dong Wang

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown high performance for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) across several tasks. Addressing overconfidence in such models, in this paper we introduce the concept of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-16 Timo Lohrenz , Patrick Schwarz , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt

Attention mechanism has been widely utilized in speech enhancement (SE) because theoretically it can effectively model the long-term inherent connection of signal both in time domain and spectrum domain. However, the generally used global…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zhongshu Hou , Qinwen Hu , Kai Chen , Jing Lu

Differential Transformer has recently gained significant attention for its impressive empirical performance, often attributed to its ability to perform noise canceled attention. However, precisely how differential attention achieves its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Chaerin Kong , Jiho Jang , Nojun Kwak

Attention is a key component of Transformers, which have recently achieved considerable success in natural language processing. Hence, attention is being extensively studied to investigate various linguistic capabilities of Transformers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Goro Kobayashi , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Sho Yokoi , Kentaro Inui

In recent years, transformer-based methods have achieved remarkable progress in medical image segmentation due to their superior ability to capture long-range dependencies. However, these methods typically suffer from two major limitations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zunhui Xia , Hongxing Li , Libin Lan

The encoder-decoder is the typical framework for Neural Machine Translation (NMT), and different structures have been developed for improving the translation performance. Transformer is one of the most promising structures, which can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Furong Peng , Jianfeng Lu

Following the success of dot-product attention in Transformers, numerous approximations have been recently proposed to address its quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. While these variants are memory and compute efficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Guy Dar , Shaya Goodman , David Ciprut , Jonathan Berant

Despite the impressive representation capacity of vision transformer models, current light-weight vision transformer models still suffer from inconsistent and incorrect dense predictions at local regions. We suspect that the power of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Chenglin Yang , Yilin Wang , Jianming Zhang , He Zhang , Zijun Wei , Zhe Lin , Alan Yuille

Transformers have been proven a successful model for a variety of tasks in sequence modeling. However, computing the attention matrix, which is their key component, has quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length, thus making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Apoorv Vyas , Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

The attention mechanism lies at the core of the transformer architecture, providing an interpretable model-internal signal that has motivated a growing interest in attention-based model explanations. Although attention weights do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Marte Eggen , Jacob Lysnæs-Larsen , Inga Strümke

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

Self-attention (SA) network has shown profound value in image captioning. In this paper, we improve SA from two aspects to promote the performance of image captioning. First, we propose Normalized Self-Attention (NSA), a reparameterization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Longteng Guo , Jing Liu , Xinxin Zhu , Peng Yao , Shichen Lu , Hanqing Lu

Self attention mechanisms have become a key building block in many state-of-the-art language understanding models. In this paper, we show that the self attention operator can be formulated in terms of 1x1 convolution operations. Following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Oren Barkan

The quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformers has hindered the processing of long text. To alleviate this problem, previous works have proposed to sparsify the attention matrix, taking advantage of the observation that crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Ziwei He , Jian Yuan , Le Zhou , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang
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