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Large language models achieve high task performance yet often hallucinate or rely on outdated knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses these gaps by coupling generation with external search. We analyse how hyperparameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Adel Ammar , Anis Koubaa , Omer Nacar , Wadii Boulila

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) combines document retrieval with large language models to produce responses grounded in external evidence. While several R packages support core components of RAG workflows, integrated evaluation of RAG…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Muhammad Aimal Rehman , Zhili Lu , Chi-Kuang Yeh

We study question answering in the domain of radio regulations, a legally sensitive and high-stakes area. We propose a telecom-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline and introduce, to our knowledge, the first multiple-choice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zakaria El Kassimi , Fares Fourati , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances language models by integrating external knowledge, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on system configuration. Improper retrieval settings can degrade performance, making RAG less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jennifer Hsia , Afreen Shaikh , Zhiruo Wang , Graham Neubig

The performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in information retrieval is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the documents being processed. In this study, the structured nature of textbooks, the conciseness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Esmaeil Narimissa , David Raithel

A common way to extend the memory of large language models (LLMs) is by retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which inserts text retrieved from a larger memory into an LLM's context window. However, the context window is typically limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Marc Pickett , Jeremy Hartman , Ayan Kumar Bhowmick , Raquib-ul Alam , Aditya Vempaty

The paper presents a methodology for uncovering knowledge gaps on the internet using the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) model. By simulating user search behaviour, the RAG system identifies and addresses gaps in information retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Joan Figuerola Hurtado

We designed a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system to provide large language models with relevant documents for answering domain-specific questions about Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). We extracted over 1,800…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Haojia Sun , Yaqi Wang , Shuting Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a critical paradigm for building reliable, knowledge-intensive Large Language Model (LLM) applications. However, the multi-stage pipeline (retrieve, generate) and unique workload characteristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhengchao Wang , Yitao Hu , Jianing Ye , Zhuxuan Chang , Jiazheng Yu , Youpeng Deng , Keqiu Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on retrieval quality, yet no systematic comparison of modern retrieval methods exists for heterogeneous documents containing both text and tabular data. We benchmark ten…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Meftun Akarsu , Recep Kaan Karaman , Christopher Mierbach

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful method for enhancing natural language generation by integrating external knowledge into a model's output. While prior work has demonstrated the importance of improving knowledge retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiangci Li , Jessica Ouyang

Evaluating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems remains challenging, particularly for open-ended questions that lack definitive answers and require coverage of multiple sub-topics. In this paper, we introduce a novel evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Kaige Xie , Philippe Laban , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances recency and factuality in answers. However, existing evaluations rarely test how well these systems cope with real-world noise, conflicting between internal and external retrieved contexts, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yixiao Zeng , Tianyu Cao , Danqing Wang , Xinran Zhao , Zimeng Qiu , Morteza Ziyadi , Tongshuang Wu , Lei Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced software engineering tasks but remains underexplored in unit test generation. To bridge this gap, we investigate the efficacy of RAG-based unit test generation for machine learning (ML/DL)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiho Shin , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Reem Aleithan , Hadi Hemmati , Song Wang

Despite the central role of retrieval in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, much of the existing research on RAG overlooks the well-established field of fair ranking and fails to account for the interests of all stakeholders…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 To Eun Kim , Fernando Diaz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained prominence as an effective method for enhancing the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the incorporation of external knowledge. However, the evaluation of RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Chanhee Park , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

We wish to measure the information coverage of an ad hoc retrieval algorithm, that is, how much of the range of available relevant information is covered by the search results. Information coverage is a central aspect for retrieval,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Saron Samuel , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , Ian Soboroff , Trevor Adriaanse , Benjamin Van Durme , Eugene Yang