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We consider the group structure of quantum cellular automata (QCA) modulo circuits and show that it is abelian even without assuming the presence of ancillas, at least for most reasonable choices of control space; this is a corollary of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-21 Michael Freedman , Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings

We show that quantum cellular automata naturally form the degree-zero part of a coarse homology theory. The recent result of Ji and Yang that the space of QCA forms an Omega-spectrum in the sense of algebraic topology is a direct…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Matthias Ludewig

A cellular automaton is a deterministic and exactly computable dynamical system which mimics certain fundamental aspects of physical dynamics such as spatial locality and finite entropy. CA systems can be constructed which have additional…

comp-gas · Physics 2007-05-23 Norman Margolus

A Quantum Cellular Automaton (QCA) is essentially an operator driving the evolution of particles on a lattice, through local unitaries. Because $\Delta_t=\Delta_x = \epsilon$, QCAs constitute a privileged framework to cast the digital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Dogukan Bakircioglu , Pablo Arnault , Pablo Arrighi

Quantum cellular automata consist in arrays of identical finite-dimensional quantum systems, evolving in discrete-time steps by iterating a unitary operator G. Moreover the global evolution G is required to be causal (it propagates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Pablo Arrighi

We classify quantum cellular automata whose cells are qubits, on hypercubic lattices $\mathbb Z^s$, with the von Neumann neighborhood scheme, in terms of realizability as finite-depth quantum circuits. We show the most general structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Andrea Pizzamiglio , Alessandro Bisio , Paolo Perinotti

This research describes a three dimensional quantum cellular automaton (QCA) which can simulate all other 3D QCA. This intrinsically universal QCA belongs to the simplest subclass of QCA: Partitioned QCA (PQCA). PQCA are QCA of a particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 Pablo Arrighi , Jonathan Grattage

There exists an index theory to classify strictly local quantum cellular automata in one dimension. We consider two classification questions. First, we study to what extent this index theory can be applied in higher dimensions via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 M. Freedman , M. B. Hastings

A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) or a causal unitary is by definition an automorphism of local operator algebra, by which local operators are mapped to local operators. Quantum circuits of small depth, local Hamiltonian evolutions for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Jeongwan Haah

Whether a given target state can be prepared by starting with a simple product state and acting with a finite-depth quantum circuit is a key question in condensed matter physics and quantum information science. It underpins classifications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 David T. Stephen , Arpit Dua , Ali Lavasani , Rahul Nandkishore

Goldilocks quantum cellular automata (QCA) have been simulated on quantum hardware and produce emergent small-world correlation networks. In Goldilocks QCA, a single-qubit unitary is applied to each qubit in a one-dimensional chain subject…

We define quantum cellular automata as infinite quantum lattice systems with discrete time dynamics, such that the time step commutes with lattice translations and has strictly finite propagation speed. In contrast to earlier definitions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Schumacher , R. F. Werner

Unitarity of the global evolution is an extremely stringent condition on finite state models in discrete spacetime. Quantum cellular automata, in particular, are tightly constrained. In previous work we proved a simple No-go Theorem which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 David A. Meyer

Cellular automata (CA) are discrete-time dynamical systems with local update rules on a lattice. Despite their elementary definition, CA support a wide spectrum of macroscopic phenomena central to statistical physics: equilibrium and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Mihir Metkar , Neha Sah , Yichen Zhou

Cellular automata (CA) are dynamical systems defined by a finite local rule but they are studied for their global dynamics. They can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviours and a celebrated result is the existence of (intrinsically)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-02-10 Laurent Boyer , Guillaume Theyssier

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) evolve qubits in a quantum circuit depending only on the states of their neighborhoods and model how rich physical complexity can emerge from a simple set of underlying dynamical rules. For instance,…

The density classification (DC) task, a computation which maps global density information to local density, is studied using one-dimensional non-unitary quantum cellular automata (QCAs). Two approaches are considered: one that preserves the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Elisabeth Wagner , Federico Dell'Anna , Ramil Nigmatullin , Gavin K. Brennen

Cellular automata, CA for short are continuous maps defined on the set of configurations over a finite alphabet A that commutes with the shift. They are characterized by the existence of local function which determine by local behavior the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Rezki Chemlal

We investigate the density classification task (DCT) -- determining the majority bit in a one-dimensional binary lattice -- within a quantum cellular automaton (CA) framework. While there is no one-dimensional two-state, radius $r \geq 1$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Pedro C. S. Costa , Yuval R. Sanders , Pedro Paulo Balbi , Gavin K. Brennen

Approximation algorithms for classical constraint satisfaction problems are one of the main research areas in theoretical computer science. Here we define a natural approximation version of the QMA-complete local Hamiltonian problem and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-25 Sevag Gharibian , Julia Kempe