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Related papers: Structural Causal Bottleneck Models

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Representation learning for images has been advanced by recent progress in more complex neural models such as the Vision Transformers and new learning theories such as the structural causal models. However, these models mainly rely on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Zitan Chen , Zhuang Qi , Xiao Cao , Xiangxian Li , Xiangxu Meng , Lei Meng

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs), which predict human-interpretable concepts (e.g., nucleus shapes in cell images) before predicting the final output (e.g., cell type), provide insights into the decision-making processes of the model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Winnie Pang , Xueyi Ke , Satoshi Tsutsui , Bihan Wen

This paper investigates the problem of bounding counterfactual queries from an arbitrary collection of observational and experimental distributions and qualitative knowledge about the underlying data-generating model represented in the form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Junzhe Zhang , Jin Tian , Elias Bareinboim

Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas

We introduce a novel framework for causal explanations of stochastic, sequential decision-making systems built on the well-studied structural causal model paradigm for causal reasoning. This single framework can identify multiple,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Samer B. Nashed , Saaduddin Mahmud , Claudia V. Goldman , Shlomo Zilberstein

Although understanding and characterizing causal effects have become essential in observational studies, it is challenging when the confounders are high-dimensional. In this article, we develop a general framework $\textit{CausalEGM}$ for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-20 Qiao Liu , Zhongren Chen , Wing Hung Wong

Systems biology models are useful models of complex biological systems that may require a large amount of experimental data to fit each model's parameters or to approximate a likelihood function. These models range from a few to thousands…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-12 Vincent D. Zaballa , Elliot E. Hui

We present a boosting-based method to learn additive Structural Equation Models (SEMs) from observational data, with a focus on the theoretical aspects of determining the causal order among variables. We introduce a family of score…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-15 Maximilian Kertel , Nadja Klein

From simulating galaxy formation to viral transmission in a pandemic, scientific models play a pivotal role in developing scientific theories and supporting government policy decisions that affect us all. Given these critical applications,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Andrew G. Clark , Michael Foster , Benedikt Prifling , Neil Walkinshaw , Robert M. Hierons , Volker Schmidt , Robert D. Turner

Discovering the underlying dynamics of complex systems from data is an important practical topic. Constrained optimization algorithms are widely utilized and lead to many successes. Yet, such purely data-driven methods may bring about…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Nan Chen , Yinling Zhang

Generative modeling typically seeks the path of least action via deterministic flows (ODE). While effective for in-distribution tasks, we argue that these deterministic paths become brittle under causal interventions, which often require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Rui Wu , Li YongJun

We show how, and under which conditions, the equilibrium states of a first-order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) system can be described with a deterministic Structural Causal Model (SCM). Our exposition sheds more light on the concept…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Joris Mooij , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

We show how, and under which conditions, the equilibrium states of a first-order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) system can be described with a deterministic Structural Causal Model (SCM). Our exposition sheds more light on the concept…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2013-05-01 Joris M. Mooij , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Causal inference is to estimate the causal effect in a causal relationship when intervention is applied. Precisely, in a causal model with binary interventions, i.e., control and treatment, the causal effect is simply the difference between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Zhenyu Lu , Yurong Cheng , Mingjun Zhong , George Stoian , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance interpretability by predicting human-understandable concepts as intermediate representations. However, existing CBMs often suffer from input-to-concept mapping bias and limited controllability, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Gaoxiang Huang , Songning Lai , Yutao Yue

Recently, molecular relational learning, whose goal is to predict the interaction behavior between molecular pairs, got a surge of interest in molecular sciences due to its wide range of applications. In this work, we propose CMRL that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Namkyeong Lee , Kanghoon Yoon , Gyoung S. Na , Sein Kim , Chanyoung Park

The abundance of fine-grained spatio-temporal data, such as traffic sensor networks, offers vast opportunities for scientific discovery. However, inferring causal relationships from such observational data remains challenging, particularly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-01 Xintong Li , Haoran Zhang , Xiao Zhou

The recent mass adoption of DNNs, even in safety-critical scenarios, has shifted the focus of the research community towards the creation of inherently intrepretable models. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) constitute a popular approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Dino Ienco , Diego Marcos

Detecting offensive memes is crucial, yet standard deep neural network systems often remain opaque. Various input attribution-based methods attempt to interpret their behavior, but they face challenges with implicitly offensive memes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Mohammed Hasanuzzaman , Asif Ekbal

Synthetic tabular data generation has received increasing attention in recent years, particularly with the emergence of foundation models for tabular data. The breakthrough success of TabPFN (Hollmann et al.,2025), which leverages vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Frederik Hoppe , Astrid Franz , Lars Kleinemeier , Udo Göbel