Related papers: Emergence of an Advective Boundary Layer in Monsoo…
The vectoral wind structure of daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulence is strongly dependent on the balance between shear-driven turbulence production of horizontal fluctuations (driven by winds at the mesoscale), and…
We introduce an analytical model that describes the vertical structure of Ekman boundary layer flows coupled to the Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) surface layer representation, which is valid for conventionally neutral (CNBL) and…
The structure and intensity of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) drives fluxes of sediment, contaminants, heat, moisture and CO$_2$ at the Earth's surface. Where ABL flows encounter changes in roughness -- such as cities,…
The Earth has warmed in the last century with the most rapid warming occurring near the surface in the arctic. This enhanced surface warming in the Arctic is partly because the extra heat is trapped in a thin layer of air near the surface…
The asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL) is a parallel shear flow that becomes turbulent in a bypass transition in parameter regions where the laminar profile is stable. We here add a temperature gradient perpendicular to the plate and…
The surface zonal winds observed in the giant planets form a complex jet pattern with alternating prograde and retrograde direction. While the main equatorial band is prograde on the gas giants, both ice giants have a pronounced retrograde…
When turbulent boundary layer flows encounter abrupt roughness changes, an Internal Boundary Layer (IBL) forms. Equilibrium theory breaks down in the nonequilibrium IBL, which may extend O(10) km for natural atmospheric flows. Here, we find…
A question of global concern regarding the sustainable future of humankind stems from the effect due to aerosols on the global climate. The quantification of atmospheric aerosols and their relationship to climatic impacts are key to…
We develop innovative analytical expressions for the mean wind and potential temperature flux profiles in convective boundary layers (CBLs). CBLs are frequently observed during daytime as the Earth's surface is warmed by solar radiation.…
One of the main statistical features of near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulence is the positive vertical velocity skewness $Sk_w$ above the roughness sublayer or the buffer region in smooth-walls. The $Sk_w$ variations are…
A recently developed so-called explicit algebraic Reynolds-stress (EARS) model is applied to a transitioning atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The simulation describes a diurnal cycle with a deep convective ABL during daytime and an…
The solar convection zone rotates differentially, with its equatorial region rotating more rapidly than the polar regions. This form of differential rotation, also observed in many other low-mass stars, is understood to arise when Coriolis…
Analytical wake models provide a computationally efficient means to predict velocity distributions in wind turbine wakes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Most existing models are developed for neutral atmospheric conditions and…
The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) plays a critical role in governing turbulent exchanges of momentum, heat moisture, and trace gases between the Earth's surface and the free atmosphere, thereby influencing meteorological phenomena, air…
The higher-order mean velocity profile in the convective atmospheric boundary layer (CBL) is derived using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The universal expansion coefficients are obtained using field measurement data. The…
The complexity of the atmosphere endows it with the property of turbulence by virtue of which, wind speed variations in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) exhibit highly irregular fluctuations that persist over a wide range of temporal…
A single-column model is used to investigate regime transitions within the stable atmospheric boundary layer, focusing on the role of small-scale fluctuations in wind and temperature dynamics and of turbulence intermittency as triggers for…
We study the transition to turbulence in the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL) by direct numerical simulation. Tracking the motion of trajectories intermediate between laminar and turbulent states we can identify the invariant object…
Anomaly-diffusing energy balance models (AD-EBM) are routinely employed to analyze and emulate the warming response of both observed and simulated Earth systems. We demonstrate a deficiency in common multi-layer as well as…
This paper discusses some basic concepts that arise in the study of the tropical cyclone frictional boundary layer. Part I discusses the concepts of asymptotic triangular waves and asymptotic N-waves in the context of the nonlinear…