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World models learn general knowledge from videos and simulate experience for training behaviors in imagination, offering a path towards intelligent agents. However, previous world models have been unable to accurately predict object…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Danijar Hafner , Wilson Yan , Timothy Lillicrap

World models play a crucial role in understanding and predicting the dynamics of the world, which is essential for video generation. However, existing world models are confined to specific scenarios such as gaming or driving, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Guan Huang , Boyuan Wang , Xinze Chen , Jiwen Lu

Recent advancements in foundational models, such as large language models and world models, have greatly enhanced the capabilities of robotics, enabling robots to autonomously perform complex tasks. However, acquiring large-scale,…

Mastering complex sequential tasks continues to pose a significant challenge in robotics. While there has been progress in learning long-horizon manipulation tasks, most existing approaches lack rigorous mathematical guarantees for ensuring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Alexandre St-Aubin , Amin Abyaneh , Hsiu-Chin Lin

World Action Models (WAMs) enhance Vision-Language-Action policies by jointly predicting scene evolution and robot actions, but existing methods usually represent the predicted world as holistic images, video tokens, or global latents.…

Video--based world models have emerged along two dominant paradigms: video generation and 3D reconstruction. However, existing evaluation benchmarks either focus narrowly on visual fidelity and text--video alignment for generative models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Meiqi Wu , Zhixin Cai , Fufangchen Zhao , Xiaokun Feng , Rujing Dang , Bingze Song , Ruitian Tian , Jiashu Zhu , Jiachen Lei , Hao Dou , Jing Tang , Lei Sun , Jiahong Wu , Xiangxiang Chu , Zeming Liu , Kaiqi Huang

Autonomous systems face the intricate challenge of navigating unpredictable environments and interacting with external objects. The successful integration of robotic agents into real-world situations hinges on their perception capabilities,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Enrico Donato , Thomas George Thuruthel , Egidio Falotico

World Action Models (WAMs) enable decision-making through imagined rollouts by predicting future observations and actions. However, the reliability of these imagined futures remains under-examined: is a generated future merely visually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bo-Kai Ruan , Teng-Fang Hsiao , Ling Lo , Hong-Han Shuai

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained via imitation learning suffer from significant performance degradation in data-scarce scenarios due to their reliance on large-scale demonstration datasets. Although reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junjin Xiao , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Ronghan Chen , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Qing Zhang

Agentic reinforcement learning increasingly relies on experience-driven scaling, yet real-world environments remain non-adaptive, limited in coverage, and difficult to scale. World models offer a potential way to improve learning efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yixia Li , Hongru Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Zhenfei Yin , Dongdong Zhang , Cheng Qian , Zeping Li , Pony Ma , Guanhua Chen , Heng Ji

Effective robotic manipulation requires policies that can anticipate physical outcomes and adapt to real-world environments. Effective robotic manipulation requires policies that can anticipate physical outcomes and adapt to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ge Yuan , Qiyuan Qiao , Jing Zhang , Dong Xu

Learning predictive world models from raw visual observations is a central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), especially for robotics and continuous control. Conventional model-based RL frameworks directly condition future…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jseen Zhang , Gabriel Adineera , Jinzhou Tan , Jinoh Kim

The capability of imagining internally with a mental model of the world is vitally important for human cognition. If a machine intelligent agent can learn a world model to create a "dream" environment, it can then internally ask what-if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Minne Li , Mengyue Yang , Furui Liu , Xu Chen , Zhitang Chen , Jun Wang

Recent advances in generative world models have enabled remarkable progress in creating open-ended game environments, evolving from static scene synthesis toward dynamic, interactive simulation. However, current approaches remain limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junshu Tang , Jiacheng Liu , Jiaqi Li , Longhuang Wu , Haoyu Yang , Penghao Zhao , Siruis Gong , Xiang Yuan , Shuai Shao , Linfeng Zhang , Qinglin Lu

Cross-embodiment learning seeks to build generalist robots that operate across diverse morphologies, but differences in action spaces and kinematics hinder data sharing and policy transfer. This raises a central question: Is there any…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zihao He , Bo Ai , Tongzhou Mu , Yulin Liu , Weikang Wan , Jiawei Fu , Yilun Du , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su

Scalable and reliable evaluation is increasingly critical in the end-to-end era of autonomous driving, where vision--language--action (VLA) policies directly map raw sensor streams to driving actions. Yet, current evaluation pipelines still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chaoda Zheng , Sean Li , Jinhao Deng , Zhennan Wang , Shijia Chen , Liqiang Xiao , Ziheng Chi , Hongbin Lin , Kangjie Chen , Boyang Wang , Yu Zhang , Xianming Liu

The capacity of an embodied agent to understand, predict, and interact with its environment is fundamentally contingent on an internal world model. This paper introduces a novel framework for investigating the formation and adaptation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Brennen Hill

We introduce a method for real-time navigation and tracking with differentiably rendered world models. Learning models for control has led to impressive results in robotics and computer games, but this success has yet to be extended to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Baris Kayalibay , Atanas Mirchev , Patrick van der Smagt , Justin Bayer

Video-generative world models are increasingly used as neural simulators for embodied planning and policy learning, yet their ability to predict physical risk and severe consequences is rarely evaluated.We find that these models often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhenglin Lai , Sirui Huang , Yuteng Li , Changxin Huang , Jianqiang Li , Bingzhe Wu

World models are central to building agents that can reason, plan, and generalize beyond their training data. However, research on world models is currently fragmented, with disparate codebases, data pipelines, and evaluation protocols…