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Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to LLMs form Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, recent research shows that the visual modality in VLMs is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Large language models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but face dual challenges: generating harmful content under jailbreak attacks and over-refusal of benign queries due to rigid safety mechanisms. These issues are further complicated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Xia , Guorui Chen , Wenqian Yu , Zhijiang Li , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

The emergence of vision language models (VLMs) comes with increased safety concerns, as the incorporation of multiple modalities heightens vulnerability to attacks. Although VLMs can be built upon LLMs that have textual safety alignment, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Qin Liu , Fei Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Laboratories are prone to severe injuries from minor unsafe actions, yet continuous safety monitoring -- beyond mandatory pre-lab safety training -- is limited by human availability. Vision language models (VLMs) offer promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Trishna Chakraborty , Udita Ghosh , Aldair Ernesto Gongora , Ruben Glatt , Yue Dong , Jiachen Li , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to identify unsafe or inappropriate images due to their internal ethical standards and powerful reasoning abilities. However, it is still unclear whether they can recognize various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Recent studies reveal that integrating new modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Vision-Language Models (VLMs), creates a new attack surface that bypasses existing safety training techniques like Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Trishna Chakraborty , Erfan Shayegani , Zikui Cai , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , M. Salman Asif , Yue Dong , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Vision-language alignment in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) successfully enables LLMs to understand visual input. However, we find that existing vision-language alignment methods fail to transfer the existing safety mechanism for text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Yunchang Zhu , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal perception and generation, yet their safety alignment remains a critical challenge.Existing defenses and vulnerable to multimodal jailbreaks, as visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 MingSheng Li , Guangze Zhao , Sichen Liu

Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit advanced capabilities in tasks that require visual information, including object detection. These capabilities have promising applications in various industrial domains, such as autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Haruki Sakajo , Hiroshi Takato , Hiroshi Tsutsui , Komei Soda , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning tasks, yet ensuring their safety remains a critical challenge. Recent input-side defenses detect unsafe images with CLIP and prepend safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Junfeng Fang , Shuo Wang , Yin Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are now a core part of modern AI. Recent work proposed several visual jailbreak attacks using single/ holistic images. However, contemporary VLMs demonstrate strong robustness against such attacks due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Shagufta Mehnaz

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are widely used in various fields due to their powerful cross-modal comprehension and generation capabilities. However, more modalities bring more vulnerabilities to being utilized for jailbreak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shiji Zhao , Shukun Xiong , Yao Huang , Yan Jin , Zhenyu Wu , Jiyang Guan , Ranjie Duan , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xingxing Wei

Safety concerns of Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have gradually become an important problem in various applications. Surprisingly, previous works indicate a counterintuitive phenomenon that using textual unlearning to align MLLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xuhao Hu , Dongrui Liu , Hao Li , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are vulnerable to harmful input compared to their language-only backbones. We investigated this vulnerability by exploring LVLMs internal dynamics, framing their inherent safety understanding in terms of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wanying Wang , Zeyu Ma , Han Zheng , Xin Tan , Mingang Chen

End-to-end autonomous driving systems excel in common scenarios but struggle with safety-critical long-tail cases. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are promising due to their strong reasoning capabilities. However, most VLA-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kefei Tian , Yuansheng Lian , Kai Yang , Xiangdong Chen , Shen Li

Despite emerging efforts to enhance the safety of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), current approaches face two main shortcomings. 1) Existing safety-tuning datasets and benchmarks only partially consider how image-text interactions can yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Youngwan Lee , Kangsan Kim , Kwanyong Park , Ilcahe Jung , Soojin Jang , Seanie Lee , Yong-Ju Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose critical safety challenges, as they are susceptible not only to adversarial attacks such as jailbreaking but also to inadvertently generating harmful content for benign users. While internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ming Wen , Kun Yang , Xin Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Dingding Han , Shiwen Cui , Yuedong Xu
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