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We propose ControlMLLM++, a novel test-time adaptation framework that injects learnable visual prompts into frozen multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable fine-grained region-based visual reasoning without any model retraining or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingrui Wu , Hao Chen , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Liujuan Cao , Ming-Ming Cheng , Rongrong Ji

Conducting a comprehensive literature review is crucial for advancing circuit design methodologies. However, the rapid influx of state-of-the-art research, inconsistent data representation, and the complexity of optimizing circuit design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Pravallika Abbineni , Saoud Aldowaish , Colin Liechty , Soroosh Noorzad , Ali Ghazizadeh , Morteza Fayazi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as pivotal tools in enhancing human-computer interaction. In this paper we focus on the application of MLLMs in the field of graphical user interface (GUI) elements structuring, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yi Xu , Yesheng Zhang , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen

Personalization in emotion recognition (ER) is essential for an accurate interpretation of subtle and subject-specific expressive patterns. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP demonstrate strong potential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Muhammad Osama Zeeshan , Masoumeh Sharafi , Benoît Savary , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

The effective exploitation of richer contextual information in language models (LMs) is a long-standing research problem for automatic speech recognition (ASR). A cross-utterance LM (CULM) is proposed in this paper, which augments the input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 G. Sun , C. Zhang , P. C. Woodland

Advances in generative models have led to AI-generated images visually indistinguishable from authentic ones. Despite numerous studies on detecting AI-generated images with classifiers, a gap persists between such methods and human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chuangchuang Tan , Jinglu Wang , Xiang Ming , Renshuai Tao , Yunchao Wei , Yao Zhao , Yan Lu

The task of long-term action anticipation demands solutions that can effectively model temporal dynamics over extended periods while deeply understanding the inherent semantics of actions. Traditional approaches, which primarily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Binglu Wang , Yao Tian , Shunzhou Wang , Le Yang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have created new opportunities for facial expression recognition (FER), moving it beyond pure label prediction toward reasoning-based affect understanding. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Shifeng Liu , Zhengye Zhang , Sirui Zhao , Xinglong Mao , Zhehan Kan , Zhixiang Wei , Shiwei Wu , Chaoyou Fu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Recent advancements in reasoning optimization have greatly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, existing work fails to address the complexities of audio-visual scenarios, underscoring the need for further…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Hanan Gani , Nishit Anand , Sayan Nag , Ruohan Gao , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Salman Khan , Dinesh Manocha

Facial action units (AUs), as defined in the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), have received significant research interest owing to their diverse range of applications in facial state analysis. Current mainstream FAU recognition models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xuri Ge , Junchen Fu , Fuhai Chen , Shan An , Nicu Sebe , Joemon M. Jose

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed a paradigm shift from static prediction systems to agentic AI agents capable of reasoning, interacting with tools, and adapting to complex tasks. While LLM-based agentic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Nima Fathi , Amar Kumar , Tal Arbel

To perform effective causal inference in high-dimensional datasets, initiating the process with causal discovery is imperative, wherein a causal graph is generated based on observational data. However, obtaining a complete and accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Elahe Khatibi , Mahyar Abbasian , Zhongqi Yang , Iman Azimi , Amir M. Rahmani

As a critical psychological stress response, micro-expressions (MEs) are fleeting and subtle facial movements revealing genuine emotions. Automatic ME recognition (MER) holds valuable applications in fields such as criminal investigation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shifeng Liu , Xinglong Mao , Sirui Zhao , Peiming Li , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Facial Action Units (AUs) represent a set of facial muscular activities and various combinations of AUs can represent a wide range of emotions. AU recognition is often used in many applications, including marketing, healthcare, education,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Junya Saito , Xiaoyu Mi , Akiyoshi Uchida , Sachihiro Youoku , Takahisa Yamamoto , Kentaro Murase , Osafumi Nakayama

Detecting AI-generated images with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has gained increasing attention, due to their rich world knowledge, common-sense reasoning, and potential for explainability. However, naively applying those MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kaiqing Lin , Zhiyuan Yan , Ruoxin Chen , Junyan Ye , Ke-Yue Zhang , Yue Zhou , Peng Jin , Bin Li , Taiping Yao , Shouhong Ding

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a fine-grained visual understanding task where reliable predictions require reasoning over localized and meaningful facial cues. Recent vision--language models (VLMs) enable natural language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Haobo Lin , Tianyi Bai , Jiajun Zhang , Xuanhao Chang , Sheng Lu , Fangming Gu , Zengjie Hu , Wentao Zhang

Multimodal emotion analysis is shifting from static classification to generative reasoning. Beyond simple label prediction, robust affective reasoning must synthesize fine-grained signals such as facial micro-expressions and prosodic which…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhixian Zhao , Wenjie Tian , Lei Xie

Mainstream methods for Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) based on Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) heavily rely on the statistical correlation between case facts and judgment results. This paradigm lacks explicit modeling of legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuzhi Liang , Lixiang Ma , Xinrong Zhu

Resolving the dichotomy between the human-like yet constrained reasoning processes of Cognitive Architectures and the broad but often noisy inference behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a challenging but exciting pursuit, for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Siyu Wu , Alessandro Oltramari , Jonathan Francis , C. Lee Giles , Frank E. Ritter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in various intelligent tasks but still struggle with complex action reasoning tasks that require systematic search. To address this limitation, we propose a method that bridges the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee