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Integrating human feedback to align text-to-speech (TTS) system outputs with human preferences has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the robustness of language model-based TTS systems. Current approaches primarily focus on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Jixun Yao , Yuguang Yang , Yu Pan , Yuan Feng , Ziqian Ning , Jianhao Ye , Hongbin Zhou , Lei Xie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models such as OpenVLA, Octo, and $\pi_0$ have shown strong generalization by leveraging large-scale demonstrations, yet their performance is still fundamentally constrained by the quality and coverage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mingyang Lyu , Yinqian Sun , Erliang Lin , Huangrui Li , Ruolin Chen , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

The large-scale adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) forces a trade-off between operational cost (OpEx) and data privacy. Current routing frameworks reduce costs but ignore prompt sensitivity, exposing users and institutions to leakage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alessio Langiu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training across organizations without sharing raw data, but it is hindered by statistical heterogeneity (non-i.i.d.\ client data) and by instability of naive weight averaging under client drift.…

Recent advances in generative modeling enable neural networks to generate weights without relying on gradient-based optimization. However, current methods are limited by issues of over-coupling and long-horizon. The former tightly binds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yunchuan Guan , Yu Liu , Ke Zhou , Hui Li , Sen Jia , Zhiqi Shen , Ziyang Wang , Xinglin Zhang , Tao Chen , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is widely used for critic-free Large Language Model (LLM) post-training, but its KL regularization is usually implemented as a local loss-side token penalty. We show that this misses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiarui Yao , Ruida Wang , Hao Bai , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from mode collapse, repeatedly generating the same few completions even when many valid answers exist, limiting their diversity across a wide range of tasks. We introduce Group-Aware Policy…

This paper identifies a critical yet underexplored challenge in reasoning alignment from multiple multi-modal large language models (MLLMs): In non-stationary environments, the diverse reasoning distributions of source models often evolve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaoyu Yang , En Yu , Wei Duan , Jie Lu

Terahertz communication networks and intelligent reflecting surfaces exhibit significant potential in advancing wireless networks, particularly within the domain of aerial-based multi-access edge computing systems. These technologies enable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jianqiu Wu , Zhongyi Yu , Jianxiong Guo , Zhiqing Tang , Tian Wang , Weijia Jia

While the techniques in optimal control theory are often model-based, the policy optimization (PO) approach directly optimizes the performance metric of interest. Even though it has been an essential approach for reinforcement learning…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-23 Feiran Zhao , Keyou You , Tamer Başar

Visual generation is dominated by three paradigms: AutoRegressive (AR), diffusion, and Visual AutoRegressive (VAR) models. Unlike AR and diffusion, VARs operate on heterogeneous input structures across their generation steps, which creates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shikun Sun , Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Yangyang Song , Xian Li , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Daniel K. Du , Xinglong Wu , Jia Jia

Large language models are commonly trained through multi-stage post-training: first via RLHF, then fine-tuned for other downstream objectives. Yet even small downstream updates can compromise earlier learned behaviors (e.g., safety),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mahdi Sabbaghi , George Pappas , Adel Javanmard , Hamed Hassani

Policy optimization is a fundamental principle for designing reinforcement learning algorithms, and one example is the proximal policy optimization algorithm with a clipped surrogate objective (PPO-Clip), which has been popularly used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Nai-Chieh Huang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Kuo-Hao Ho , Hsuan-Yu Yao , Kai-Chun Hu , Liang-Chun Ouyang , I-Chen Wu

The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) systems at the network edge of smart architectures is increasing rapidly, intensifying the need for security mechanisms that are both adaptive and resource-efficient. In such environments, runtime…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Saeid Jamshidi , Foutse Khomh , Carol Fung , Kawser Wazed Nafi

Recently, multimodal graph learning (MGL) has garnered significant attention for integrating diverse modality information and structured context to support various network applications. However, real-world graphs are often isolated due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sirui Zhang , Haonan Wang , Xunkai Li , Zekai Chen , Shumeng Li , Hongchao Qin , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for model-based reinforcement learning, enabling high sample efficiency by backpropagating gradients through differentiable dynamics. However, prior RPG approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hai Zhong , Zhuoran Li , Xun Wang , Longbo Huang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has shown promise in discrete action spaces by eliminating value function dependencies through group-based advantage estimation. However, its application to continuous control remains unexplored,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rajat Khanda , Mohammad Baqar , Sambuddha Chakrabarti , Satyasaran Changdar

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) has been deemed as a promising solution for intelligent decision-making in the era of Artificial Internet of Things. However, existing FRL approaches often entail repeated interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Sheng Yue , Zerui Qin , Xingyuan Hua , Yongheng Deng , Ju Ren

Modern edge AI applications increasingly rely on microservice architectures that integrate both AI services and conventional microservices into complex request chains with stringent latency requirements. Effectively orchestrating these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chen Yang , Jin Zheng , Yang Zhuolin , Lai Pan , Zhang Xiao , Hu Menglan , Yin Haiyan

Large Language Models (LLMs) aligned using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) have shown remarkable generation abilities in numerous tasks. However, collecting high-quality human preferences creates costly bottlenecks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nirjhar Das , Souradip Chakraborty , Aldo Pacchiano , Sayak Ray Chowdhury
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