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Multilingual pre-trained language models transfer remarkably well on cross-lingual downstream tasks. However, the extent to which they learn language-neutral representations (i.e., shared representations that encode similar phenomena across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Remi Lebret , Antoine Bosselut , Karl Aberer

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Giuseppe Samo , Paola Merlo

We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

Cross-lingual text classification alleviates the need for manually labeled documents in a target language by leveraging labeled documents from other languages. Existing approaches for transferring supervision across languages require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Giannis Karamanolakis , Daniel Hsu , Luis Gravano

Pre-training has proven to be effective in unsupervised machine translation due to its ability to model deep context information in cross-lingual scenarios. However, the cross-lingual information obtained from shared BPE spaces is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Shuo Ren , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Ming Zhou , Shuai Ma

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Unsupervised cross-lingual transfer involves transferring knowledge between languages without explicit supervision. Although numerous studies have been conducted to improve performance in such tasks by focusing on cross-lingual knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jianyu Zheng , Fengfei Fan , Jianquan Li

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning has been shown to be highly challenging for tasks involving a lot of linguistic specificities or when a cultural gap is present between languages, such as in hate speech detection. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Syrielle Montariol , Arij Riabi , Djamé Seddah

The success of pretrained cross-lingual language models relies on two essential abilities, i.e., generalization ability for learning downstream tasks in a source language, and cross-lingual transferability for transferring the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Zewen Chi , Heyan Huang , Luyang Liu , Yu Bai , Xian-Ling Mao

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable cross-lingual abilities, yet often exhibit a systematic bias toward the representations from other languages, resulting in semantic interference when generating content in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ilia Badanin , Daniil Dzenhaliou , Imanol Schlag

Multilingual language models have significantly advanced due to rapid progress in natural language processing. Models like BLOOM 1.7B, trained on diverse multilingual datasets, aim to bridge linguistic gaps. However, their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Santhosh Kakarla , Gautama Shastry Bulusu Venkata , Aishwarya Gaddam , Maheedhar Sai Omtri Mohan

This paper shows that pretraining multilingual language models at scale leads to significant performance gains for a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks. We train a Transformer-based masked language model on one hundred languages,…

Recent studies in zero-shot cross-lingual learning using multilingual models have falsified the previous hypothesis that shared vocabulary and joint pre-training are the keys to cross-lingual generalization. Inspired by this advancement, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Evangelia Gogoulou , Ariel Ekgren , Tim Isbister , Magnus Sahlgren

Cross-lingual transfer (XLT) is an emergent ability of multilingual language models that preserves their performance on a task to a significant extent when evaluated in languages that were not included in the fine-tuning process. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Taejun Yun , Jinhyeon Kim , Deokyeong Kang , Seong Hoon Lim , Jihoon Kim , Taeuk Kim

The development of monolingual language models for low and mid-resource languages continues to be hindered by the difficulty in sourcing high-quality training data. In this study, we present a novel cross-lingual vocabulary transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 François Remy , Pieter Delobelle , Hayastan Avetisyan , Alfiya Khabibullina , Miryam de Lhoneux , Thomas Demeester

Linguistic knowledge plays a crucial role in spoken language comprehension. It provides essential semantic and syntactic context for speech perception in noisy environments. However, most speech enhancement (SE) methods predominantly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Xugang Lu , Szu-Wei Fu , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Hsin-Yi Lin , Chii-Wann Lin , Yu Tsao

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly, with new models frequently claiming support for an increasing number of languages. However, existing evaluation datasets are limited and lack cross-lingual alignment, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Zhixun Chen , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang , Yin Zheng

There is a significant gap between patient needs and available mental health support today. In this paper, we aim to thoroughly examine the potential of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist professional psychotherapy. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mian Zhang , Xianjun Yang , Xinlu Zhang , Travis Labrum , Jamie C. Chiu , Shaun M. Eack , Fei Fang , William Yang Wang , Zhiyu Zoey Chen

Cross-lingual transfer in natural language processing (NLP) models enhances multilingual performance by leveraging shared linguistic knowledge. However, traditional methods that process all data simultaneously often fail to mimic real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Maria Khelli , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Ayu Purwarianti , Genta Indra Winata

The rapid proliferation of LLMs has created a critical evaluation paradox: while LLMs claim multilingual proficiency, comprehensive non-machine-translated benchmarks exist for fewer than 30 languages, leaving >98% of the world's 7,000…

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