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Flagellated microorganisms can swim at low Reynolds numbers and adapt to changes in their environment. Specifically, the flagella can switch their shapes or modes through gene expression. In the past decade, efforts have been made to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Liyuan Tan , Yang Yang , Li Fang , David J. Cappelleri

Efficient point-to-point navigation in the presence of a background flow field is important for robotic applications such as ocean surveying. In such applications, robots may only have knowledge of their immediate surroundings or be faced…

Swimming microrobots are increasingly developed with complex materials and dynamic shapes and are expected to operate in complex environments in which the system dynamics are difficult to model and positional control of the microrobot is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Michael R. Behrens , Warren C. Ruder

The navigation of micro-robots in complex flow environments is controlled by rheotaxis, the reorientation with respect to flow gradients. Here we demonstrate how payloads can be exploited to enhance the motion against flows. Using fully…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-26 Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider , Maciej Lisicki , Arnold J. T. M. Mathijssen

With the continuing rapid development of artificial microrobots and active particles, questions of microswimmer guidance and control are becoming ever more relevant and prevalent. In both the applications and theoretical study of such…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-03 Clément Moreau , Kenta Ishimoto , Eamonn A. Gaffney , Benjamin J. Walker

Microfluidic devices are utilized to control and direct flow behavior in a wide variety of applications, particularly in medical diagnostics. A particularly popular form of microfluidics -- called inertial microfluidic flow sculpting --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Xian Yeow Lee , Aditya Balu , Daniel Stoecklein , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian , Soumik Sarkar

We study the dynamics of gyrotactic microswimmers suspended in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence by using direct numerical simulations (DNS). The swimmers are characterized by three non-dimensional parameters: their aspect ratio…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-24 Suraj Kumar Nayak , Vishwanath Shukla , Akshay Bhatnagar

An artificial microswimmer drifts in response to spatio-temporal modulations of an activating suspension medium. We consider two competing mechanisms capable of influencing its tactic response: angular fluctuations, which help it explore…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-02-15 Alexander Geiseler , Peter Hänggi , Fabio Marchesoni

Autonomous wheeled-legged robots have the potential to transform logistics systems, improving operational efficiency and adaptability in urban environments. Navigating urban environments, however, poses unique challenges for robots,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Joonho Lee , Marko Bjelonic , Alexander Reske , Lorenz Wellhausen , Takahiro Miki , Marco Hutter

The properties of biological microswimmers are to a large extent determined by fluid-mediated interactions, which govern their propulsion, perception of their surrounding, and the steering of their motion for feeding or in pursuit.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-04 Segun Goh , Roland G. Winkler , Gerhard Gompper

To find the path that minimizes the time to navigate between two given points in a fluid flow is known as Zermelo's problem. Here, we investigate it by using a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach for the case of a vessel which has a slip…

Autonomous navigation in marine environments can be extremely challenging, especially in the presence of spatially varying flow disturbances and dynamic and static obstacles. In this work, we demonstrate that incorporating local flow field…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ehsan Kazemi , Dechen Gao , Iman Soltani

The behavior of living systems is based on the experience they gained through their interactions with the environment [1]. This experience is stored in the complex biochemical networks of cells and organisms to provide a relationship…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-02-14 Santiago Muiños-Landin , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Frank Cichos

We develop an adversarial-reinforcement learning scheme for microswimmers in statistically homogeneous and isotropic turbulent fluid flows, in both two (2D) and three dimensions (3D). We show that this scheme allows microswimmers to find…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-10 Jaya Kumar Alageshan , Akhilesh Kumar Verma , Jérémie Bec , Rahul Pandit

In this paper we study a mathematical model of one-dimensional swimmers performing a planar motion while fully immersed in a viscous fluid. The swimmers are assumed to be of small size, and all inertial effects are neglected. Hydrodynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-25 Gianni Dal Maso , Antonio DeSimone , Marco Morandotti

We study the energetic efficiency of navigating microswimmers by explicitly taking into account the geometry of their body. We show that, as their shape transitions from prolate to oblate, non-steering microswimmers rotated by flow…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-18 Lorenzo Piro , Andrej Vilfan , Ramin Golestanian , Benoît Mahault

Many biological microswimmers can modulate their swimming gait to achieve directional control of motility, especially when performing steering towards specific directional cues. This can be achieved without the need for obvious…

Aquatic creatures exhibit remarkable adaptations of their body to efficiently interact with the surrounding fluid. The tight coupling between their morphology, motion, and the environment are highly complex but serves as a valuable example…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Nana Obayashi , Andrea Vicari , Kai Junge , Kamran Shakir , Josie Hughes

We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally-efficient,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-09 L. Guastoni , J. Rabault , P. Schlatter , H. Azizpour , R. Vinuesa

We consider arbitrary-shaped microswimmers of spherical topology and propose a framework for expressing their slip velocity in terms of tangential basis functions defined on the boundary of the swimmer using the Helmholtz decomposition.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-14 Kausik Das , Hai Zhu , Marc Bonnet , Shravan Veerapaneni