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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in complex visual understanding across scientific and reasoning tasks. While performance benchmarking has advanced our understanding of these capabilities, the critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Asif Azad , Mohammad Sadat Hossain , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , M Saifur Rahman , Md Rizwan Parvez

Spatio-temporal reasoning is essential in understanding real-world environments in various fields, eg, autonomous driving and sports analytics. Recent advances have improved the spatial reasoning ability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dohwan Ko , Sihyeon Kim , Yumin Suh , Vijay Kumar B. G , Minseo Yoon , Manmohan Chandraker , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Distinguishing spatial relations is a basic part of human cognition which requires fine-grained perception on cross-instance. Although benchmarks like MME, MMBench and SEED comprehensively have evaluated various capabilities which already…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Peijin Xie , Lin Sun , Bingquan Liu , Dexin Wang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Chengjie Sun , Jiajia Zhang

Multimodal vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress in various tasks that require a combined understanding of visual and textual content, particularly in cultural understanding tasks, with the emergence of new cultural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Burak Satar , Zhixin Ma , Patrick A. Irawan , Wilfried A. Mulyawan , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim , Chong-Wah Ngo

In the evolving landscape of multimodal language models, understanding the nuanced meanings conveyed through visual cues - such as satire, insult, or critique - remains a significant challenge. Existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xiaofei Yin , Yijie Hong , Ya Guo , Yi Tu , Weiqiang Wang , Gongshen Liu , Huijia zhu

With the advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have reached a new level of sophistication, showing notable competence in executing intricate cognition and reasoning tasks. However, existing evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yuanfeng Ji , Chongjian Ge , Weikai Kong , Enze Xie , Zhengying Liu , Zhengguo Li , Ping Luo

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on static visual understanding, yet they still struggle with dynamic spatial reasoning that requires imagining how scenes evolve under egocentric motion. Recent efforts address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wanyue Zhang , Wenxiang Wu , Wang Xu , Jiaxin Luo , Helu Zhi , Yibin Huang , Shuo Ren , Zitao Liu , Jiajun Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in perceiving and describing visual environments. However, their ability to proactively reason and act based solely on visual inputs, without explicit textual prompts, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daoan Zhang , Pai Liu , Xiaofei Zhou , Yuan Ge , Guangchen Lan , Jing Bi , Christopher Brinton , Ehsan Hoque , Jiebo Luo

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha

Reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) has recently attracted significant attention due to its broad applicability across diverse downstream tasks. However, it remains unclear whether the superior performance of VLMs stems from genuine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yige Xu , Yongjie Wang , Zizhuo Wu , Kaisong Song , Jun Lin , Zhiqi Shen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) trained on web-scale corpora excel at natural image tasks and are increasingly repurposed for healthcare; however, their competence in medical tasks remains underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Che Liu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Wenjia Bai , Daniel Rueckert , Rossella Arcucci

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have improved performance in multi-modal learning, raising the question of whether these models truly understand the content they process. Crucially, can VLMs detect when a reasoning process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yang Shi , Yifeng Xie , Minzhe Guo , Liangsi Lu , Mingxuan Huang , Jingchao Wang , Zhihong Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhiqi Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown impressive zero- and few-shot performance on real-world visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks, alluding to their capabilities as visual reasoning engines. However, the benchmarks being used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Aishik Nagar , Shantanu Jaiswal , Cheston Tan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong perception and reasoning performance on existing remote sensing (RS) benchmarks. However, most prior benchmarks rely on low-resolution imagery, and some high-resolution benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yunkai Dang , Meiyi Zhu , Donghao Wang , Yizhuo Zhang , Jiacheng Yang , Qi Fan , Yuekun Yang , Wenbin Li , Feng Miao , Yang Gao

Modern vision-language models (VLMs) are expected to have abilities of spatial reasoning with diverse scene complexities, but evaluating such abilities is difficult due to the lack of benchmarks that are not only diverse and scalable but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Haoming Wang , Qiyao Xue , Wei Gao

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed across downstream tasks, yet their training data often encode social biases that surface in outputs. Unlike humans, who interpret images through contextual and social cues, VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Adit Desai , Sudipta Roy , Mohna Chakraborty

Recently, the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) has achieved a profound impact on the field of artificial intelligence. Numerous advanced works based on LLMs have been proposed and applied in various scenarios. Among them,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xizhe Xue , Yang Zhou , Dawei Yan , Lijie Tao , Junjie Li , Ying Li , Haokui Zhang , Rong Xiao

Vision language models (VLMs) can flexibly address various vision tasks through text interactions. Although successful in semantic understanding, state-of-the-art VLMs including GPT-5 still struggle in understanding 3D from 2D inputs. On…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhipeng Cai , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hu Xu , Zhuang Liu , Gregory Meyer , Xinjie Lei , Changsheng Zhao , Shang-Wen Li , Vikas Chandra , Yangyang Shi